ReviewNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2024
Replicability and generalizability in population psychiatric neuroimaging.
Review in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Brain Association Studies in 2024: A Systematic Review of Sample Sizes and Preregistrations.Psychophysiology · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of working memory and reward reactivity on externalizing behaviors in the ABCD study.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Sensorimotor circuit connectivity as a candidate biomarker for responsiveness to sertraline in obsessive-compulsive disorder.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Functional connectivity correlates of reaction time variability in treatment-resistant major depression.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Feature selection leads to divergent neurobiological interpretations of brain-based machine learning biomarkers.Nature human behaviour · 2026Article
- External validation improves generalizability, replicability and reproducibility in predictive models for neuroimaging.Nature methods · 2026Review
- Spontaneous brain regional dynamics contribute to generalizable brain-behaviour associations.Nature human behaviour · 2026Article
- Real-world adherence, healthcare resource utilization, and costs following a transition to aripiprazole once every 2 months among patients diagnosed with bipolar I disorder in the United States.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- The application of AI-driven digital phenotyping and interventions in neuropsychiatric disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Corticolimbic structure-function coupling is sensitive to childhood adversity and buffers adversity-related symptoms during development.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Translating neurophysiological biomarkers into clinical tools: A psychometric blueprint illustrated with the error-related negativity.The American psychologist · 2025Review
- Can I trust this paper?Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2025Review
- Overlooked features lead to divergent neurobiological interpretations of brain-based machine learning biomarkers.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Associations between pain experiences and gray matter volume in youth in the adolescent brain cognitive development (ABCD) study.The journal of pain · 2025Article
- Diversity-sensitive brain clocks linked to biophysical mechanisms in aging and dementia.Nature. Mental health · 2025Article
- Charting structural brain asymmetry across the human lifespan.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- BrainScape: An open-source framework for integrating and preprocessing anatomical MRI datasets.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Precision neurodiversity: personalized brain network architecture as a window into cognitive variability.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Review
- Psychiatric neuroimaging designs for individualised, cohort, and population studies.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Review
- Beyond Multiple-Choice Accuracy: Real-World Challenges of Implementing Large Language Models in Healthcare.ArXiv · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Studies linking mental health with brain function in cross-sectional population-based association studies have historically relied on small, underpowered samples. Given the small effect sizes typical of such brain-wide associations, studies require samples into the thousands to achieve the statistical power necessary for replicability. Here, we detail how small sample sizes have hampered replicability and provide sample size targets given established association strength benchmarks. Critically, while replicability will improve with larger samples, it is not guaranteed that observed effects will meaningfully apply to target populations of interest (i.e., be generalizable). We discuss important considerations related to generalizability in psychiatric neuroimaging and provide an example of generalizability failure due to "shortcut learning" in brain-based predictions of mental health phenotypes. Shortcut learning is a phenomenon whereby machine learning models learn an association between the brain and an unmeasured construct (the shortcut), rather than the intended target of mental health. Given the complex nature of brain-behavior interactions, the future of epidemiological approaches to brain-based studies of mental health will require large, diverse samples with comprehensive assessment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.