ReviewNature protocols2025
A bioswitchable delivery system for microRNA therapeutics based on a tetrahedral DNA nanostructure.
Review in Nature protocols, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advances in DNA nanostructures for pathogenic microorganisms.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- A DNA Tetrahedron-Delivered miR-17-5p mimic exerts dual anti-inflammatory and Anti-Non-coding RNA research · 2026Article
- Versatile Microgel Platform for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Therapy: Targeting Pericyte-Mediated Fibrosis and Protecting Nucleus Pulposus Cells.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Dual-tetrahedral DNA-enabled strand displacement amplification biosensor for cell imaging and clinical detection of miR-34a-5p in NAFLD.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Non-Invasive Transdermal Delivery of miR-30a-5p via MUC1-Aptamer-Guided Tetrahedral DNA Nanostructures for Gene Silencing in Cutaneous Melanoma.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acid Delivery of miR-210-3p Promotes Femoral Bone Regeneration Through EFNA3/AKT/STAT3-Mediated Immunomodulation.Cell proliferation · 2026Article
- A Multifunctional Nucleic Acid Nanomedicine Coregulates Angiogenesis and Fibrosis to Treat Oral Submucous Fibrosis.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Recent Advances in Conjugation Chemistry Expanding the Applications of the DNA Tetrahedron.Chemical biology & drug design · 2026Review
- A programmable DNA tetrahedron platform for selective and efficient capture of cells and proteins.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids: Nanokeys unlocking a new era of precision biomedicine.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- A tetrahedral framework DNA-based bioswitchable miR-26a-5p delivery system for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids as a promising vehicle for small molecule drugs of traditional Chinese medicine: application to disease prevention and treatment.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Mineralized DNA tetrahedron-structured hydrogels: a dual-functional Scaffold for immunomodulation and bone regeneration.Bone research · 2026Article
- DNA framework-based nanomedicine platform: a triple-function strategy for treating periodontitis via antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and osteogenesis-promoting activities.International journal of oral science · 2026Article
- Dynamic Decoration of DNA Scaffolds for High-Resolution Cancer Cell Subtyping.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Sustainability of functional hair follicle activity: Impact of spatially anchored multifunctional tetrahedral framework nucleic acids.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Extraocular delivery of bioswitchable tri-miR-22-loaded tetrahedral DNA nanostructures for intraocular neovascular and neurodegenerative repair.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Functional nucleic acid Hydrogels: Paving the way for Next-generation bone and cartilage regeneration.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- A Sirtuin-1-Targeted Gene-Activating Tetrahedral DNA Attenuates Bladder Fibrosis by Restoring Mitophagy in Fibroblasts via the SIRT1-FOXO3-BNIP3 Axis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Targeted Inhibition of P. gingivalis OMV-derived TsRNA by tetrahedral framework nucleic acids promotes periodontal regeneration.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
As microRNAs (miRNA) regulate almost all physiopathological activities in the human body, miRNA therapeutics that deliver miRNA regulators have attracted considerable attention in the field of nucleic acid drug development. The use of tetrahedral DNA nanostructures to deliver miRNA regulators is promising because of their simple fabrication, enhanced cell entry, effective tissue penetration, biocompatibility and functional editability. This protocol extension builds on our previous protocol for the use of tetrahedral DNA nanostructures and was designed to establish an updated bioswitchable delivery system (BDS) for achieving controlled cargo loading and release. A ribonuclease H-sensitive sequence is designed as a bioswitchable apparatus for the targeted release of the miRNA regulator. The functional sequence of the miRNA regulator and minimal secondary structure formation tendency during annealing are two key points in cargo design. We provide two BDS design strategies; BDS-A comprises an intact DNA tetrahedron with the RNA cargo hanging outside, offering the merits of lower cost, simplicity, and more direct structural design. In the BDS-B design, the RNA regulators are embedded into the DNA tetrahedron, which is beneficial for dermal tissue permeation applications. Following sequence design in Oligo 7 and Tiamat, the BDS assembly is completed and then ribonuclease H achieves controlled release of the miRNA regulator by triggering the bioswitchable apparatus. This is verified via polyacrylamide and agarose gel electrophoresis or fluorophore modifications. Both BDSs show promising cellular membrane permeability, tissue permeability and target inhibition in vitro and in vivo. The assembly and characterization of the BDS can be completed in 4 d, and the validation time for biostability and biological applications will depend on the specific use.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.