Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39212800›Full record

Observational studyGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2025

Pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy in keratoconic eyes.

Alessandro Feo, Riccardo Vinciguerra, Alessio Antropoli, Gianmaria Barone, Daniele Criscuolo, Paolo Vinciguerra, Vito Romano, Mario R Romano

Abstract readMulticenter StudyObservational Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Comparison of choroidal biomarkers and scleral thickness in keratoconus in relation to corneal cross-linking.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Alessandro FeoDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072, Milan, Italy. alessandrofeo.96@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-2999-6782
Riccardo VinciguerraHumanitas San Pio X, Milan, Italy.
Alessio AntropoliOphthalmology Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Gianmaria BaroneDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072, Milan, Italy.
Daniele CriscuoloDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072, Milan, Italy.
Paolo VinciguerraDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072, Milan, Italy.
Vito RomanoOpththalmic Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 15, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
Mario R RomanoDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072, Milan, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo report the association between keratoconus (KC) and pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy (PPE). As secondary outcome, we explored the relation between subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and topometric indexes.

methodsRetrospective, observational, cross-sectional, case-control study. Multicentric study including patients with KC and healthy controls. Each subject underwent a complete ophthalmological visit, Placido-based corneal topography, Scheimpflug corneal tomography and spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) with the enhanced depth imaging (EDI) mode on. Linear mixed models (LMM) were employed for comparison between groups, and to examine the impact of different topometric factors on SFCT. KC stages were defined according to Belin grading.

resultsOverall, 56 eyes from 35 KC patients and 52 eyes from 27 healthy, age- and axial length-matched control subjects were included in the study. PPE was found in 10 (17.9%) eyes from 8 KC patients, whereas was absent in all healthy controls. SFCT was statistically significantly higher in keratoconic eyes (median: 390 µm; interquartile range (IQR): 339 - 425 µm) compared to healthy eyes (median: 240 µm; IQR: 200 - 288 µm) (p < 0.001). SFCT did not differ across different KC stages and between keratoconic eyes with and without PPE.

conclusionsPPE is a relatively frequent finding in eyes with KC, being present in about 1 out of 6 cases, regardless of disease stage. KEY MESSAGES: What is known: Keratoconus (KC) is a corneal disorder commonly associated with other chorioretinal abnormalities. It is well known that keratoconic eyes display increased choroidal thickness, and the rare association between KC and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) has already been reported in the literature. WHAT IS NEW: We identified an association between KC and pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy (PPE), a precursor or forme fruste of pachychoroid diseases, such as CSC. PPE presence is independent from corneal parameters and is observed in about 1 out 6 KC eyes.

Indexed as

ChoroidChoroid DiseasesKeratoconusTomography, Optical CoherenceVisual AcuityAdultCase-Control StudiesCorneal TopographyCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesYoung AdultChoroidKeratoconusOCTPachychoroidPachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy

Identifiers

PMID39212800

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.