ArticleFrontiers in medicine2024
Global, regional, and national burden of syphilis, 1990-2021 and predictions by Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence, incidence and risk factors of syphilis among men who have sex with men in China from 2013 to 2025: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical characteristics and factors contributing to transmission of congenital syphilis in England, 2015-24: a national surveillance study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Article
- The effect of mandatory regulatory policies on unsafe sexual behaviours among female sex workers: an evaluation study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Treponema pallidum induces pathological injury of the rabbit testis and sperm through NLRP3 inflammasome activation-mediated pyroptosis.BMC immunology · 2026Article
- Review
- Epidemiological trends and spatiotemporal distribution of syphilis in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, 2014-2023.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Immune-inflammatory-nutritional dysfunction in HIV-negative patients with asymptomatic neurosyphilis: a retrospective comparative study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Old but gold: an historical perspective of wet mount microscopy and its current role for the diagnosis of vaginitis.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2026Review
- Correlation analysis of psychiatric and behavioral symptoms with cognitive impairment and prognosis in patients with general paresis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Syphilis self-testing and implications for syphilis control and prevention.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- Resurgent Syphilis Across the Globe: A Public Health Perspective on Bridging Surveillance and Strategy.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- HPV cancer burden by anatomical site, country, and region in 2022.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Comparative analysis of language models in addressing syphilis-related queries.Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal · 2025Article
- Participants inFrontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Atypical Dermatological Manifestations of Syphilis in Advanced HIV: A Case-Based Narrative Review.Mediterranean journal of hematology and infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Divergent trends of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), syphilis, and gonorrhea in China: a national age-period-cohort analysis, 2006-2020.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Predictors of Serological Cure in Syphilis Patients: A Retrospective Study at a Tertiary Hospital in Bandung, Indonesia.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national burden and trends of syphilis among women of childbearing age from 1990 to 2021.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
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3 authors.
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Abstract
Objective: To comprehensively assess the global burden of syphilis and related risk factors over 1990-2021, forecast future disease trends, and understand the impact of syphilis on global health. Methods: Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) data were used for age-, sex-, and region-stratified analysis of the numbers and age-standardized rates (per 100,000 population) of syphilis incidence, prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Next, a differential analysis of syphilis risk factors was performed. Finally, trends for years after 2021 were predicted using Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) prediction models. Results: In 2021, the total number of syphilis prevalence globally was 70,541,482.80 (95% uncertainty interval: 54,910,897.66-88,207,651.97), with the highest numbers noted in Central Sub-Saharan Africa [4,622.60 (95% uncertainty interval: 3,591.97-5,753.45)]. Over 1990-2021, the global age-standardized prevalence and incidence rates increased, whereas the age-standardized death and DALY rates decreased. Among all groups, infants aged <5 years demonstrated the highest age-standardized DALY rates. Moreover, the lower the sociodemographic index (SDI), the higher was the age-standardized rate. The primary factor contributing to syphilis disease burden was identified to be unsafe sex. BAPC analysis revealed an overall increase in age-standardized prevalence rate in the <5-year age group over 1990-2035, and the highest age-standardized prevalence rate occurred in the 25-34-year age group. Conclusion: Between 1990 and 2021, syphilis occurrence and prevalence increased consistently. Projections indicated a continual increase in syphilis incidence in children aged <5 years, and age-standardized prevalence rates were the highest in adults aged 25-34 years. Our results regarding the epidemiological trends of syphilis and its variations across regions, age groups, and sexes may aid policymakers in addressing the global impact of the disease effectively.
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