ArticleJournal of oncology research and therapy2024
Vaping, Smoking and Lung Cancer Risk.
Article in Journal of oncology research and therapy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Guideline
- Comparison of e-Cigarette and Cigarette Use and Dual Use Associations With Disease: Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)Pooled it
- Electronic cigarettes, smoking and lung cancer risk: some evidence about the continuum of harm.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Correlates of Disposable E-Cigarette Use Among Adolescents and Young Adults in Southern Poland.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Impact of e-cigarette vaping on the immune system across the body.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Vaping-related lung disease: a narrative review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- Performance of smoking duration-based lung cancer screening eligibility criteria: a comparative modeling study.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2026Article
- E-cigarettes increase harm and should be discouraged.Nature human behaviour · 2026Article
- Use of Tobacco and Alternative Nicotine Products Among People with HIV: A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Survey.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Disparities in Thoracic Oncology Patients.Cancers · 2026Review
- Molecular Health Effects of Electronic Cigarettes.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Changes in combustible cigarette and electronic nicotine delivery system use among people with and without schizophrenia spectrum disorders in the USA (2016-2023).Tobacco control · 2026Article
- Natural products as kinase inhibitors in lung cancer: molecular mechanisms, therapeutic potential, and clinical trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Digital gamification and serious games for preventing e-cigarette use in adolescents: A systematic review without meta-analysis (SWiM).Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Review
- Understanding barriers and identifying solutions for smoking cessation in primary care: survey results informed by an integrated knowledge translation approach in British Columbia, Canada.BMJ open quality · 2025Article
- Novel nicotine and tobacco products in pediatric age: a joint position paper.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Review
- Evolution of nicotine product use in Ireland 2015-2023, and associations with quit intentions and attempts: an analysis of nationally representative repeated cross-sectional surveys.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2025Article
- Aggressive Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma in a Long-Term E-Cigarette User with Intracardiac Complications: A Case Report.The American journal of case reports · 2025Article
- Perceptions of Health Risks and Accessibility: A Social Media-Based Pilot Study of Factors Influencing Use of Vaping and Combustible Tobacco Products.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Short-term effects of electronic cigarette smoking on cardiorespiratory parameters, volatile organic compounds and inflammatory markers.ERJ open research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Nicotine exposure through the use of electronic delivery systems (vaping) has been found to elevate the risk of certain conditions of the lungs, e.g., vaping associated lung injury, EVALI). However, the potential impact of vaping on lung cancer risk remains unexplored. We, therefore, examined the association of vaping and cigarette smoking with lung cancer risk in a case control study conducted in central Ohio. The study design compared 4,975 individuals with recently diagnosed pathologically confirmed carcinoma of the lung to 27,294 controls without cancer that were group matched at a 5:1 ratio to the cases by age, gender, race and location of residence. Odds ratios (OR) adjusted for gender, age and race revealed a fourfold higher risk of lung cancer among individuals who vaped in combination with chronic smoking (OR=58.9, 95% CI=47.3-70.5) versus individuals who only smoked cigarettes (OR=13.9, 95% CI=12.7-15.3, P<0.001). Further adjustment for prevalent comorbidities, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and coronary artery disease, reduced the magnitude of the OR, but the risk for vaping and smoking (OR=38.7, 95% CI =31.5-47.6) remained fourfold higher than for smoking alone (OR=9.6, 95% CI=8.7-10.6, P<0.001). This finding was consistent for men and women, with adjustment for pack-years of smoking, and for the main histological cell types of lung cancer. Our results suggest that the addition of vaping to smoking accelerates the risk of developing lung cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.