SynthesisBMJ open2024
Workplace violence against female healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Measuring the composition and availability of human resources for health by sex in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2023, and workforce gaps for universal health coverage: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.The Lancet. Public health · 2026Article
- Associations of Perceived Effort-Reward Imbalance and Family Relationship Quality With Workplace Violence and Harassment Exposure Among Married Female Workers: A Decision Tree Analysis.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2026Article
- Design, Development, and Validation of a Chatbot to Support Health Care Professionals Experiencing Workplace Aggression: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Impact of a Training Intervention on the Prevention of Aggressions in Nursing Students: A Pre-Post Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Workplace violence and psychosocial risks exposures: a multicenter cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Assessment of Well-Being Among Healthcare Workers and Identification of Possible Improvement Measures Using the NIOSH Well-Being Questionnaire.Journal of occupational and environmental medicine · 2026Article
- Aggressive behavior towards hospital dental staff: an original flash survey in a dental department in France.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Burnout, PTSD, and Medical Error: The Medico-Legal Implications of the Mental Health Crisis Among Frontline Healthcare Professionals During COVID-19.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Struggles, Strength, and Aspirations: Voices of Healthcare Workers in a Major Hospital System.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Machine Learning Models for Identifying Factors Associated With Workplace Violence Among Emergency Nurses: A Comparative Study.Emergency medicine international · 2026Article
- Disparities in Working Conditions Among Maternal and Neonatal Health Personnel in a Crisis Context: The Case of the East of the Democratic Republic of Congo.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of a Nomogram-Based Risk Stratification Model for Moderate-to-High Frequency Workplace Violence Among Chinese Pediatric Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of nursing management · 2026Article
- Prevalence and influencing factors of workplace violence among psychiatric nurses in China: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- The anatomy of a decision: exploring the push, pull, and personal factors of emigration intent among Turkish medical students.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- A MLP based predictive model for risk assessment of workplace violence for emergency nurses in China.BMC nursing · 2025Article
- Prevalence and types of violence against emergency department workers in Kuwait: a cross-sectional study.BMC emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Factors related to physical violence and verbal abuse by residents for public health nurses during home visits.Nagoya journal of medical science · 2025Article
- Workplace Violence and Patient Management Time in the Emergency Department: An Observational Study.La Medicina del lavoro · 2025Observational
- Mediating role of future fear of violence between the direct violence and witnessed violence and psychological capital: a study of doctors and nurses.BMC health services research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWorkplace violence (WPV) is highly prevalent in the health sector and remains a major occupational issue causing significant harm, ranging from bodily and psychological harm to death. Female healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of WPV.
objectivesIdentify risk factors of WPV among different professional categories of female HCWs. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science, along with their references lists January 2010 and March 2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: English language observational studies focusing on WPV among HCWs evaluating the risk factors, impacts and consequences of WPV in female HCWs.
methodRisk of bias was assessed for all studies by Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklists. We estimated the pooled prevalence of WPV and the associated 95% CI using a random-effects meta-analysis model. We then described the associated factors and effects of WPV.
results28 reviewed studies (24 quantitative, 4 qualitative and 1 mixed-method) from 20 countries were selected. From the available results of 16 studies, the pooled prevalence of WPV was estimated at 45.0% (95% CI 32% to 58%). Types of violence included verbal abuse, verbal threats, physical assaults, sexual harassment, mobbing, bullying and discrimination. Perpetrators were patients, patients' relatives, colleagues and supervisors. Nurses were the most studied HCWs category. WPV was found to affect both mental and physical health. Age, marital status, lower occupational position, substance abuse, shorter work experience and low support at work were the main socio-demographic and organisational factors associated with higher risk of WPV.
conclusionWPV prevalence is high among female HCWs, warranting a multilevel intervention approach to address and mitigate its impact. This approach should include targeted policies and individual-level strategies to create a safer work environment and prevent adverse effects on both HCWs and the broader healthcare system. Further research is needed to better document WPV in categories of HCWs other than nurses. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42022329574.
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