Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39209434›Full record

ArticlePediatric obesity2025

The effects of duration of any breastfeeding on body mass index in Australian children: Exploration of health, economic and equity impacts.

Joseph Carrello, Vicki Brown, Anagha Killedar, Alison Hayes

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pediatric obesity, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Joseph CarrelloSchool of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6423-6555
Vicki BrownDeakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2891-9476
Anagha KilledarMenzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2363-8827
Alison HayesSchool of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Funding

National Health and Medical Research Council 2006999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBreastfeeding is a protective measure against childhood overweight and obesity. However, many children are not breastfed the recommended duration, with those from disadvantaged backgrounds more likely to cease breastfeeding early.

objectivesInvestigate the association between duration of any breastfeeding and body mass index (BMI) and estimate the health, economic and equity impacts of increasing breastfeeding duration to at least 6 months.

methodsWe modelled the association between any breastfeeding duration and BMI at age 6/7 years, using a nationally representative cohort of 3935 Australian children (survey weighted to 221 103 children). We then used a simulation model to predict the impact of increasing breastfeeding duration to at least 6 months in all children on prevalence of overweight (including obesity) and associated healthcare costs to age 16/17 years.

resultsAchieving breastfeeding duration of at least 6 months could prevent 2933 cases of overweight at age 16/17 years, translating to healthcare cost-savings of AUD $4.29 million. Although most cases (68%) would come from low socio-economic backgrounds this would make only a minor difference in reducing inequalities.

conclusionEfforts to support increased breastfeeding duration could result in reduced prevalence of overweight and obesity and save healthcare costs, however, additional action would be required to improve equity.

Indexed as

Body Mass IndexBreast FeedingPediatric ObesityAdolescentAustraliaChildFemaleHealth Care CostsHumansInfantMalePrevalenceSocioeconomic FactorsTime FactorsBMIbreastfeedingeconomicequityimpacts

Identifiers

PMID39209434
PMCPMC11710949

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.