ArticleClinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil)2024
Comprehensive exploration of immune checkpoint-related genes in the prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Article in Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundTo comprehensively analyze the clinical significance of Immune Checkpoint-Related Genes (ICRGs) in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (PAAD).
methodPAAD tissues and normal pancreatic tissues were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases, and 283 ICRGs were integrated by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Reactome datasets. Unsupervised clustering was used to obtain potential ICRGs-based PAAD subtypes. Wilcoxon test was performed to screen Differentially Expressed ICRGs (DEICRGs), while cox regression analyses were utilized to identify prognosis-related ICRGs and clinicopathological factors, and construct the corresponding models. The Tumor Immune Microenvironment (TIME) was evaluated. Moreover, the authors performed enrichment analysis, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), and transcription factor regulatory networks to realize underlying mechanisms.
resultsThree ICRGs-based PAAD subtypes were identified, and they were associated with three ESTIMATE scores, a Tumor Microenvironment (TMB) score, 14 therapeutic immune checkpoints, and infiltration levels of seven immune cells. On top of that, the authors constructed two signatures based on DEICRGs to predict the Overall Survival (OS) (Area Under the ROC Curve [AUC: 0.741∼0.778]) and Progression-Free Survival (PFS) (AUC: 0.746∼0.831) of patients. Two nomograms were established by combining clinical variables and signatures. In addition, the authors found higher infiltration of naïve B cells and CD8
conclusionThe present study suggested that ICRGs were associated with TIME formation and prognosis of PAAD patients, which may serve as novel clinical biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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