Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39208068›Full record

SynthesisPloS one2024

Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among key and vulnerable populations in hotspot settings of Ethiopia. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Melese Abate Reta, Zelalem Asmare, Assefa Sisay, Yalewayker Gashaw, Ermias Getachew, Muluken Gashaw, Zelalem Dejazmach, Abdu Jemal, Solomon Gedfie, Getinet Kumie and 11 more

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in PloS one, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Association of vitamin D receptorJournal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2026
    Article
  3. Prevalence ofIJID regions · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Melese Abate RetaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.ORCID 0000-0003-1301-4746
Zelalem AsmareDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.ORCID 0009-0008-8076-0179
Assefa SisayDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.
Yalewayker GashawDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.
Ermias GetachewDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.
Muluken GashawDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.
Zelalem DejazmachDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.
Abdu JemalDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.
Solomon GedfieDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.ORCID 0000-0001-9964-1964
Getinet KumieDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.
Marye NigatieDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.
Wagaw AbebeDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.
Agenagnew AshagreDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.
Tadesse MisganawDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.ORCID 0000-0001-7994-3797
Woldeteklehaymanot KassahunDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.
Selamyhun TadesseDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.
Alene GetenehDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.
Atitegeb Abera KidieDepartment of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.
Biruk Beletew AbateDepartment of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.
Nontuthuko Excellent ManingiDepartment of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of Kwazulu Natal, Durban, South Africa.
P Bernard FourieResearch Centre for Tuberculosis and Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDespite the decline in tuberculosis (TB) incidence across many regions worldwide, including Ethiopia, the disease remains highly concentrated among vulnerable or socially marginalized populations and in high-risk settings. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to estimate the pooled prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among key and vulnerable populations (KVPs) residing in hotspot settings in Ethiopia.

methodsPotential papers were searched systematically in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect databases, Google Scholar search engine, and institutional electronic repositories/registrars. A total of 34 potential articles that provide necessary information on the prevalence of PTB were reviewed and data were analyzed to determine the pooled prevalence of PTB among KVPs. The relevant data were recorded and analyzed using STATA 17.0. Cohen's kappa was computed to determine the agreement between reviewers, the Inverse of variance (I2) to evaluate heterogeneity across studies, and Egger's test to identify publication bias. A random effect model was used to determine the pooled prevalence of PTB, subgroup analysis was computed by types of hotspot settings and year of publication.

resultsThis meta-analysis demonstrates that the pooled prevalence of PTB among populations residing in hotspot settings in Ethiopia was 11.7% (95% confidence interval (95CI): 7.97-15.43) with an I2 of 99.91% and a p< 0.001. Furthermore, the subgroup analysis unveiled the pooled prevalence of PTB among KVPs residing in different hotspot settings as follows: Prison inmates 8.8% (95CI: 5.00-12.55%), University students 23.1% (95CI: 15.81-30.37%), Refugees 28.4% (95CI: -1.27-58.15%), Homeless peoples 5.8% (95CI: -0.67-12.35%), Healthcare settings 11.1% (95CI: 0.58-21.63%), Spiritual holy water sites attendees 12.3% (95CI: -6.26-30.80%), and other high-risk settings 4.3% (95CI: 0.47-8.09%). Besides, the subgroup analysis revealed that the pooled prevalence of PTB post-2015 was 10.79% (95CI: 5.94-15.64%), whereas it stood at 14.04% (95CI: 10.27-17.82%) before 2015.

conclusionThe prevalence of PTB among KVPs residing in the hotspot settings in Ethiopia remains significant, with a weighted pooled prevalence of 11.7%. Thus, the national TB control programs should give due attention and appropriate control measures should be instituted that include regular systematic TB screening, compulsory TB testing for presumptive TB cases among KVPs, and tightened infection control at hotspot settings.

Indexed as

Tuberculosis, PulmonaryVulnerable PopulationsEthiopiaHumansPrevalence

Identifiers

PMID39208068
PMCPMC11361443

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.