ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2024
Alternating binding and p97-mediated dissociation of SDS22 and I3 recycles active PP1 between holophosphatases.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- SDS-22 stabilizes GSP-1/-2 PP1 subunits contributing to polarity establishment in C. elegans embryos.EMBO reports · 2025Article
- The Fascinating Intricacy of pSer/Thr-Specific Phosphatases and Their Higher-Order Complexes: Emerging Concepts.Biochemistry · 2025Review
- Combining cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) with orthogonal solution state methods to define the molecular basis of the phosphoprotein phosphatase family regulation and substrate specificity.Current opinion in structural biology · 2025Review
- Alternating binding and p97-mediated dissociation of SDS22 and I3 recycles active PP1 between holophosphatases.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Protein phosphatase-1 catalytic subunit (PP1) joins diverse targeting subunits to form holophosphatases that regulate many cellular processes. Newly synthesized PP1 is known to be transiently sequestered in an inhibitory complex with Suppressor-of-Dis2-number-2 (SDS22) and Inhibitor-3 (I3), which is disassembled by the ATPases Associated with diverse cellular Activities plus (AAA+) protein p97. Here, we show that the SDS22-PP1-I3 complex also acts as a thermodynamic sink for mature PP1 and that cycles of SDS22-PP1-I3 formation and p97-driven disassembly regulate PP1 function and subunit exchange beyond PP1 biogenesis. Förster Resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis of labeled proteins in vitro revealed that in the p97-mediated disassembly step, both SDS22 and I3 dissociate concomitantly, releasing PP1. In presence of a targeting subunit, for instance Growth Arrest and DNA Damage-inducible protein 34 (GADD34), liberated PP1 formed an active holophosphatase that dephosphorylated its substrate, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α). Inhibition of p97 results in displacement of the GADD34 targeting subunit by rebinding of PP1 to SDS22 and I3 indicating that the SDS22-PP1-I3 complex is thermodynamically favored. Likewise, p97 inhibition in cells causes rapid sequestration of PP1 by free SDS22 and I3 at the expense of other subunits. This suggests that PP1 exists in a steady state maintained by spontaneous SDS22-PP1-I3 formation and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis, p97-driven disassembly that recycles active PP1 between different holophosphatase complexes to warrant a dynamic holophosphatase landscape.
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