Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39205166›Full record

ArticleViruses2024

Semi-Covariance Coefficient Analysis of Spike Proteins from SARS-CoV-2 and Its Variants Omicron, BA.5, EG.5, and JN.1 for Viral Infectivity, Virulence and Immune Escape.

Botao Zhu, Huancheng Lin, Jun Steed Huang, Wandong Zhang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Viruses, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Botao ZhuDepartment of Electrical and Computer engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.
Huancheng LinSchool of Information Technology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
Jun Steed HuangSchool of Information Technology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
Wandong ZhangHuman Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Building M54, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-6412-8124

Funding

CIHR #170355National Research Council Canada A1-020810-01-01-01
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Semi-covariance has attracted significant attention in recent years and is increasingly employed to elucidate statistical phenomena exhibiting fluctuations, such as the similarity or difference in charge patterns of spike proteins among coronaviruses. In this study, by examining values above and below the average/mean based on the positive and negative charge patterns of amino acid residues in the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and its current circulating variants, the proposed methods offer profound insights into the nonlinear evolving trends in those viral spike proteins. Our study indicates that the charge span value can predict the infectivity of the virus and the charge density can estimate the virulence of the virus, and both predicated infectivity and virulence appear to be associated with the capability of viral immune escape. This semi-covariance coefficient analysis may be used not only to predict the infectivity, virulence and capability of immune escape for coronaviruses but also to analyze the functionality of other viral proteins. This study improves our understanding of the trend of viral evolution in terms of viral infectivity, virulence or the capability of immune escape, which remains further validated by more future studies and statistical data.

Indexed as

COVID-19Immune EvasionSARS-CoV-2Spike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusHumansVirulenceSpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, SARS-CoV-2coronavirusesimmune escapeinfectivitySARS-CoV-2semi-covariance coefficientspike protein sequencevariantsvirulence

Identifiers

PMID39205166
PMCPMC11360586

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.