ReviewPathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2024
Advances in Engineering Circular RNA Vaccines.
Review in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Research Progress, Application, and Industrialization Prospects of Circular RNA Vaccines in Viral Diseases.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Recent advances in the detection and functional analysis of circRNAs with short-read RNA sequencing-based methods.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- mRNA Vaccines for Influenza: Hope for a Universal Vaccine?BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026Review
- Advancements in RNA-based therapies from bench to bedside.npj drug discovery · 2026Review
- Circular mRNA against CleanCap linear mRNA vectors: comprehensive comparison, expression, active and passive immunization.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Review
- The potential and challenges of circular RNA in the development of vaccines and drugs for emerging infectious diseases.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Review
- Review
- Nucleic acid aptamers in orthopedic diseases: promising therapeutic agents for bone disorders.Bone research · 2025Review
- A Complete Approach for circRNA Therapeutics from Purification to Lyophilized Delivery Using Novel Ionizable Lipids.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Advancing mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: key components, innovations, and clinical progress.Essays in biochemistry · 2025Review
- Artificial intelligence-driven circRNA vaccine development: multimodal collaborative optimization and a new paradigm for biomedical applications.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Review
- Circular RNAs modulate cancer drug resistance: advances and challenges.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2025Article
- Decoding circRNA translation: challenges and advances in computational method development.Frontiers in genetics · 2025Review
- Viroids and Retrozymes: Plant Circular RNAs Capable of Autonomous Replication.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Engineered circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of single-stranded RNAs with head-to-tail covalently linked structures that integrate open reading frames (ORFs) and internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) with the function of coding and expressing proteins. Compared to mRNA vaccines, circRNA vaccines offer a more improved method that is safe, stable, and simple to manufacture. With the rapid revelation of the biological functions of circRNA and the success of Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus Type II (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccines, biopharmaceutical companies and researchers around the globe are attempting to develop more stable circRNA vaccines for illness prevention and treatment. Nevertheless, research on circRNA vaccines is still in its infancy, and more work and assessment are needed for their synthesis, delivery, and use. In this review, based on the current understanding of the molecular biological properties and immunotherapeutic mechanisms of circRNA, we summarize the current preparation methods of circRNA vaccines, including design, synthesis, purification, and identification. We discuss their delivery strategies and summarize the challenges facing the clinical application of circRNAs to provide references for circRNA vaccine-related research.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.