ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2024
Patterns, Outcomes and Economic Burden of Primary vs. Secondary Bloodstream Infections: A Single Center, Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- A review of bloodstream infections-pathogens, pathogenesis, diagnostic strategies, treatment methods-challenges and future aspects.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Review
- Hospital Cost Components and Predictors inTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Machine learning prediction of in-hospital mortality risk among hospitalized patients with secondary bloodstream infection: a retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales bloodstream infections related to death in two Brazilian tertiary hospitals.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
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Abstract
Bloodstream infections (BSIs) can be primary or secondary, with significant associated morbidity and mortality. Primary bloodstream infections (BSIs) are defined as infections where no clear infection source is identified, while secondary BSIs originate from a localized infection site. This study aims to compare patterns, outcomes, and medical costs between primary and secondary BSIs and identify associated factors. Conducted at the University Hospital of Patras, Greece, from May 2016 to May 2018, this single-center retrospective cohort study included 201 patients with confirmed BSIs based on positive blood cultures. Data on patient characteristics, clinical outcomes, hospitalization costs, and laboratory parameters were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. Primary BSIs occurred in 22.89% (46 patients), while secondary BSIs occurred in 77.11% (155 patients). Primary BSI patients were younger and predominantly nosocomial, whereas secondary BSI was mostly community-acquired. Clinical severity scores (SOFA, APACHE II, SAPS, and qPitt) were significantly higher in primary compared to secondary BSI. The median hospital stay was longer for primary BSI (21 vs. 12 days,
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