ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2024
Advances in Intrathecal Nanoparticle Delivery: Targeting the Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier for Enhanced CNS Drug Delivery.
Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Recent Developments in Lipid Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of Biotherapeutics and Gene Therapy Across the Blood-Brain Barrier.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026Review
- Bioconjugates for improved delivery of oligonucleotide therapeutics to the central nervous system.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2026Review
- Glymphatic-meningeal lymphatic system imbalance: a peripheral-to-central inflammatory bridge in perioperative neurocognitive disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Harnessing Nanocarriers to Improve Psychiatric Treatment: Progress, Limitations, and Future Directions.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Surface-Engineered Precision Nano-Systems for Targeted Treatment of Huntington's Disease: A Review of Recent Advancements.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- The glymphatic system in neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumors: mechanistic insights, biomarker advances, and therapeutic opportunities.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Review
- Functionalized albumin nanoparticles: A multifunctional platform for enhanced brain drug delivery.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Intrathecal Therapies for Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review of Current Approaches and the Urgent Need for Advanced Delivery Systems.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Neurotoxicological Evaluation of Intrathecal Citrate Excipients: Calcium Homeostasis Disruption and Safety Implications in CNS Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Functionalized Nanoparticles: A Promising Approach for Effective Management of Alzheimer's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Lipid Nanoparticles Enhance mRNA Delivery to the Central Nervous System Upon Intrathecal Injection.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- Trojan Horse Delivery Strategies of Natural Medicine Monomers: Challenges and Limitations in Improving Brain Targeting.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Advance Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Alzheimer's Disease: Advancements and Future Perspectives.Current Alzheimer research · 2025Review
- Innovative nanoparticle-based therapeutic strategies against glioblastoma multiform: a focus on enhanced delivery systems and efficacy.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Editorial: Glial cells in homeostasis, neurodevelopment, and repair.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Article
- Nanoparticle Strategies for Treating CNS Disorders: A Comprehensive Review of Drug Delivery and Theranostic Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Murine model of minimally invasive nasal depot (MIND) technique for central nervous system delivery of blood-brain barrier-impermeant therapeutics.Lab animal · 2024Article
- Cerebral Aneurysm: Filling the Gap Between Pathophysiology and Nanocarriers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) tightly regulates molecular exchanges between the bloodstream and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), creating challenges for effective central nervous system (CNS) drug delivery. This review assesses intrathecal (IT) nanoparticle (NP) delivery systems that aim to enhance drug delivery by circumventing the BCSFB, complementing approaches that target the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) face hurdles like restricted CNS distribution and rapid clearance, which diminish the efficacy of IT therapies. NPs can be engineered to extend drug circulation times, improve CNS penetration, and facilitate sustained release. This review discusses key pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters essential for the effectiveness of these systems. NPs can quickly traverse the subarachnoid space and remain within the leptomeninges for extended periods, often exceeding three weeks. Some designs enable deeper brain parenchyma penetration. Approximately 80% of NPs in the CSF are cleared through the perivascular glymphatic pathway, with microglia-mediated transport significantly contributing to their paravascular clearance. This review synthesizes recent progress in IT-NP delivery across the BCSFB, highlighting critical findings, ongoing challenges, and the therapeutic potential of surface modifications and targeted delivery strategies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.