Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39204122›Full record

ArticlePharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2024

3D-Printed Melatonin Tablets with Braille Motifs for the Visually Impaired.

Chrystalla Protopapa, Angeliki Siamidi, Aikaterini Sakellaropoulou, Siva Kolipaka, Laura Andrade Junqueira, Atabak Ghanizadeh Tabriz, Dennis Douroumis, Marilena Vlachou

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Chrystalla ProtopapaSection of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-1666-1236
Angeliki SiamidiSection of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-8664-408X
Aikaterini SakellaropoulouSection of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece.
Siva KolipakaCentre for Research Innovation, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham ME4 4TB, UK.ORCID 0009-0002-6037-9721
Laura Andrade JunqueiraCentre for Research Innovation, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham ME4 4TB, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6461-2327
Atabak Ghanizadeh TabrizSchool of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
Dennis DouroumisCentre for Research Innovation, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham ME4 4TB, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-3782-0091
Marilena VlachouSection of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-2927-705X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

An innovative approach for creating customized dosage forms and supporting patient populations with specific requirements who need additional support to improve drug adherence is 3D printing. This work introduces liquid crystal display (LCD) 3D printing as a means of developing melatonin (MLT) tablets. For patients who are blind or visually challenged, Braille patterns were displayed on the tablet surface in addition to the optimization of printing hydrogel inks. Owing to the great printing accuracy, blind patients could validate the Braille patterns that provided the required information. Upon further examination MLT was found to be present in the photopolymerized resins in an amorphous state. The choice of poly(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate (PEGDA) with varying molecular weights and the inclusion of surfactants or solubilizers interfered with the photopolymerization of the resin, hence controlling the rates of MLT dissolution towards the sought sustained release. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis showed that photopolymerization of the PEGDA resins in the printed dosage forms has taken place. A small batch scale-up investigation showed that LCDs could print a significant number of tablets quickly-about twenty-four minutes.

Indexed as

3D printingBraille patternsformulation developmentLCD 3D-printingmelatoninmodified releasepersonalized medicinepharmaceutical technologyvisual impairment

Identifiers

PMID39204122
PMCPMC11357011

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.