ArticleNutrients2024
Assessment of Salt, Potassium, and Iodine Intake in the Croatian Adult Population Using 24 h Urinary Collection: The EH-UH 2 Study.
Article in Nutrients, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Determinants of High Salt Intake in Croatian Adults: Evidence from 24-Hour Urinary Sodium Excretion in the EH-UH 2 Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Impact of Socioeconomic Factors and Lifestyle on Salt and Potassium Intake and Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio: EH-UH 2 Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Assessment of Micro- and Macronutrient Intake in Male Competitive Athletes Using the Epic-Norfolk Food Frequency Questionnaire.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Effective Strategies and a Ten-Point Plan for Cardio-Kidney-Metabolic Health in Croatia: An Expert Opinion.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- The state of iodine deficiency in Kyrgyzstan: Insights from studies of knowledge, attitudes and practices.PloS one · 2024Article
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22 authors.
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, which are the leading cause of death in Croatia, are linked to the high prevalence of hypertension. Both are associated with high salt intake, which was determined almost two decades ago when Croatian Action on Salt and Health (CRASH) was launched. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate salt, potassium, and iodine intake using a single 24 h urine sample in a random sample of the adult Croatian population and to analyse trends in salt consumption after the CRASH was intensively started.
methodsIn this study, we analysed data on 1067 adult participants (mean age 57.12 (SD 13.9), men 35%).
resultsMean salt and potassium intakes were 8.6 g/day (IQR 6.2-11.2) and 2.8 g/day (IQR 2.1-3.5), respectively, with a sodium-to-potassium ratio of 2.6 (IQR 1.8-3.3). We detected a decrease of 17.6% (2 g/day less) in salt consumption compared with our previous salt-mapping study. However, only 13.7% and 8.9% met the WHO salt and potassium recommended targets of 5 g/day and 3.5 g/day, respectively. Salt intake was higher, and potassium ingestion was lower, in rural vs. urban regions and in continental vs. Mediterranean parts of Croatia. Moderate to severe iodine insufficiency was determined in only 3% of the adult participants.
conclusionIn the last fifteen years, salt consumption has been significantly reduced in the Croatian adult population because of the intensive and broad CRASH program. However, salt intake is still too high, and potassium ingestion is too low. Salt reduction programs are the most cost-effective methods of cardiovascular disease prevention and merit greater consideration by the government and health policy makers.
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