Systematic Evaluation of Adhesion and Fracture Toughness in Multi-Material Fused Deposition Material Extrusion.

Md Abu Jafor, Neshat Sayah, Douglas E Smith, Gianni Stano, Trevor J Fleck

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Characterization of PC-ABS and PETG Multi-Material Laminates Fabricated by MEX Method.Polymers · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Md Abu JaforDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.ORCID 0009-0005-1279-5773

Neshat SayahDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1906-128X

Douglas E SmithDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.

Gianni StanoDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6676-8472

Trevor J FleckDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Material extrusion (MEX) additive manufacturing has successfully fabricated assembly-free structures composed of different materials processed in the same manufacturing cycle. Materials with different mechanical properties can be employed for the fabrication of bio-inspired structures (i.e., stiff materials connected to soft materials), which are appealing for many fields, such as bio-medical and soft robotics. In the present paper, process parameters and 3D printing strategies are presented to improve the interfacial adhesion between carbon fiber-reinforced nylon (CFPA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), which are extruded in the same manufacturing cycle using a multi-material MEX setup. To achieve our goal, a double cantilever beam (DCB) test was used to evaluate the mode I fracture toughness. The results show that the application of a heating gun (assembled near the nozzle) provides a statistically significant increase in mean fracture toughness energy from 12.3 kJ/m

Indexed as

fracture toughnessmaterial extrusionmulti-material adhesionpolymer healingreptation theory

Identifiers

PMID39203131

DOI10.3390/ma17163953

PMCPMC11356219

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.