Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39201837›Full record

ArticleChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2024

Decoding India's Child Malnutrition Puzzle: A Multivariable Analysis Using a Composite Index.

Gulzar Shah, Maryam Siddiqa, Padmini Shankar, Indira Karibayeva, Amber Zubair, Bushra Shah

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In one paragraph

Article in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  8. Beyond fiberoptic: securing the airway in a child with bilateral TMJ ankylosis.Journal of dental anesthesia and pain medicine · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Gulzar ShahDepartment of Health Policy and Community Health, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0954-3418
Maryam SiddiqaDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
Padmini ShankarSchool of Health & Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA.
Indira KaribayevaDepartment of Health Policy and Community Health, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1796-2604
Amber ZubairDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
Bushra ShahDepartment of Health Policy and Community Health, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6282-1010

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study examines the levels and predictors of malnutrition in Indian children under 5 years of age.

methodsComposite Index of Anthropometric Failure was applied to data from the India National Family Health Survey 2019-2021. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the predictors.

results52.59% of children experienced anthropometric failure. Child predictors of lower malnutrition risk included female gender (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.881) and average or large size at birth (AOR = 0.729 and 0.715, respectively, compared to small size). Higher birth order increased malnutrition odds (2nd-4th: AOR = 1.211; 5th or higher: AOR = 1.449) compared to firstborn. Maternal predictors of lower malnutrition risk included age 20-34 years (AOR = 0.806), age 35-49 years (AOR = 0.714) compared to 15-19 years, normal BMI (AOR = 0.752), overweight and obese BMI (AOR = 0.504) compared to underweight, and secondary or higher education vs. no education (AOR = 0.865). Maternal predictors of higher malnutrition risk included severe anemia vs. no anemia (AOR = 1.232). Protective socioeconomic factors included middle (AOR = 0.903) and rich wealth index (AOR = 0.717) compared to poor, and toilet access (AOR = 0.803). Children's malnutrition risk also declined with paternal education (primary: AOR = 0.901; secondary or higher: AOR = 0.822) vs. no education. Conversely, malnutrition risk increased with Hindu (AOR = 1.258) or Islam religion (AOR = 1.369) vs. other religions.

conclusionsChild malnutrition remains a critical issue in India, necessitating concerted efforts from both private and public sectors. A 'Health in All Policies' approach should guide public health leadership in influencing policies that impact children's nutritional status.

Indexed as

childrencomposite index of anthropometric failureIndiamalnutritionsocial determinantsstuntingunderweightwasting

Identifiers

PMID39201837
PMCPMC11352507

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.