ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2024
Prescribing Antibiotics for Children with Acute Conditions in Public Primary Care Clinics in Singapore: A Retrospective Cohort Database Study.
Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Quality Assessment Indicators for Well-Child Care in Primary Health Care: A Scoping Review of Global Trends, Standardization, and Dimensions of Care.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Long-term public antibiotic awareness campaign significantly reduced inappropriate antibiotic use in pediatric primary care settings.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Increase in Antibiotic Utilisation in Primary Care Post COVID-19 Pandemic.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Data on primary care antibiotic prescription practices for children in Singapore, which are essential for health care policy, are lacking. We aimed to address this gap and to benchmark prescription practices against international standards. A retrospective cohort database study on antibiotic prescriptions for children (aged < 18 years) who visited six public primary care clinics in Singapore between 2018 and 2021 was conducted. Data were categorised according to the World Health Organization's Access, Watch, Reserve (WHO AWaRe) classification. Quality indicators from the European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption Network (ESAC-Net) and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines were used as a measure of appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing at the individual and overall patient level. In 831,669 polyclinic visits by children between 2018 and 2021, there was a significant reduction in mean antibiotics prescribed per month during pandemic years (2020-2021) compared to pre-pandemic (2018-2019) (MD 458.3, 95% CI 365.9-550.7). Most prescriptions (95.8%) for acute conditions fell within the WHO AWaRe "Access" group. Antibiotic prescription significantly exceeded (55.2%) the relevant quality indicator for otitis media (0-20%). The proportion of children receiving appropriate antibiotics for acute respiratory infections (
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