ReviewBiomolecules2024
Quaternary Ammonium Salts-Based Materials: A Review on Environmental Toxicity, Anti-Fouling Mechanisms and Applications in Marine and Water Treatment Industries.
Review in Biomolecules, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- A New Sustainable Approach to Antibiotic Resistance: Development of bis-Quaternary Ammonium Salts From 2,4,6-Trichloro-1,3,5-Triazine.ChemMedChem · 2026Article
- Contrasting Biofilm-Modulating Effects of Polymeric Quaternary Ammonium Compounds on the Pathogenic YeastsACS omega · 2026Article
- Mechanism and Molecular Design Principles of Cationic Surfactants: From Charge-Driven Membrane Interactions to Next-Generation Quaternary Ammonium Compounds.ChemMedChem · 2026Review
- Prediction and elucidation of cellulose solubility in ionic liquids under high pressure using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations.RSC advances · 2026Article
- From Environmental Threat to Control: A Review of Technologies for Removal of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds from Wastewater.Membranes · 2025Review
- The structure-dependent effects of newly synthesised cationic gemini surfactants against yeast cells.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Structurally Tailored Antibacterial Quaternary Ammonium Salts with Ionic Liquid Properties for Antimicrobial Purposes: Design and Thermophysical Insights.ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering · 2025Article
- Structure-Function Insights into Quinuclidine-3-One BisQACs: Synthesis, Modulation of Bacterial Resistance, Structure-Activity Relationship, and Biological Profiling.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Hostile Environments: Modifying Surfaces to Block Microbial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Intrinsic Antibacterial Urushiol-Based Benzoxazine Polymer Coating for Marine Antifouling Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- A Robust Natural Rubber-Polyzwitterion Composite Hydrogel for Highly Enhanced Marine Anti-Biofouling.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Surface Properties of Coatings Based on Iron Amino-Functionalized Oxides Deposited on DH 36 Steel Plates for Shipbuilding.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Cationized Cellulose Materials: Enhancing Surface Adsorption Properties Towards Synthetic and Natural Dyes.Polymers · 2024Review
- Development of Naphthalene-Derivative Bis-QACs as Potent Antimicrobials: Unraveling Structure-Activity Relationship and Microbiological Properties.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Trialkoxysilane Grafting in Alcohols: A Simple Approach towards Modified Silica-Based Materials.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The adherence of pathogenic microorganisms to surfaces and their association to form antibiotic-resistant biofilms threatens public health and affects several industrial sectors with significant economic losses. For this reason, the medical, pharmaceutical and materials science communities are exploring more effective anti-fouling approaches. This review focuses on the anti-fouling properties, structure-activity relationships and environmental toxicity of quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) and, as a subclass, ionic liquid compounds. Greener alternatives such as QAS-based antimicrobial polymers with biocide release, non-fouling (i.e., PEG, zwitterions), fouling release (i.e., poly(dimethylsiloxanes), fluorocarbon) and contact killing properties are highlighted. We also report on dual-functional polymers and stimuli-responsive materials. Given the economic and environmental impacts of biofilms in submerged surfaces, we emphasize the importance of less explored QAS-based anti-fouling approaches in the marine industry and in developing efficient membranes for water treatment systems.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.