Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39198726›Full record

ArticleBMC plant biology2024

The use of biostimulants as a key to sustainable hydroponic lettuce farming under saline water stress.

Boran İkiz, Hayriye Yildiz Dasgan, Sibel Balik, Sebnem Kusvuran, Nazim S Gruda

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC plant biology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Exogenous Hormones Affect the Corm Expansion ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Frontiers in microbiology · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Environmental conditions and nutritional quality of vegetables in protected cultivation.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2025
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Mitigation of Salt Stress inPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Boran İkizDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Cukurova, Adana, 01330, Türkiye.
Hayriye Yildiz DasganDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Cukurova, Adana, 01330, Türkiye. dasgan@cu.edu.tr.
Sibel BalikDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Cukurova, Adana, 01330, Türkiye.
Sebnem KusvuranFood and Agriculture Vocational School, Cankiri Karatekin University, Çankırı, 18100, Türkiye.
Nazim S GrudaInstitute of Plant Sciences and Resource Conservation, Division of Horticultural Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. ngruda@uni-bonn.de.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backroundThe utilization of high-quality water in agriculture is increasingly constrained by climate change, affecting availability, quality, and distribution due to altered precipitation patterns, increased evaporation, extreme weather events, and rising salinity levels. Salinity significantly challenges salt-sensitive vegetables like lettuce, particularly in a greenhouse. Hydroponics water quality ensures nutrient solution stability, enhances nutrient uptake, prevents contamination, regulates pH and electrical conductivity, and maintains system components. This study aimed to mitigate salt-induced damage in lettuce grown via the floating culture method under 50 mM NaCl salinity by applying biostimulants.

resultsWe examined lettuce's physiological, biochemical, and agronomical responses to salt stress after applying biostimulants such as amino acids, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), fulvic acid, and chitosan. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with a randomized complete block design, and each treatment was replicated four times. Biostimulant applications alleviated salt's detrimental effects on plant weight, height, leaf number, and leaf area. Yield increases under 50 mM NaCl were 75%, 51%, 31%, 34%, and 33% using vermicompost, PGPR, fulvic acid, amino acid, and chitosan, respectively. Biostimulants improved stomatal conductance (58-189%), chlorophyll content (4-10%), nutrient uptake (15-109%), and water status (9-107%). They also reduced MDA content by 26-42%. PGPR (1.0 ml L

conclusionsBiostimulants activated antioxidative defense systems, offering a sustainable, cost-effective solution for mitigating salt stress in hydroponic lettuce cultivation.

Indexed as

HydroponicsLactucaAmino AcidsBenzopyransChitosanMycorrhizaeSalinitySalt StressAmino AcidsBenzopyransChitosanfulvic acidCoping with stressLactuca sativa L. var. crispaNaCl stressQualitySoilless cultureYield

Identifiers

PMID39198726
PMCPMC11351459

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.