ArticleDiseases (Basel, Switzerland)2024
AI-Driven Patient Education in Chronic Kidney Disease: Evaluating Chatbot Responses against Clinical Guidelines.
Article in Diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Comparison of the readability of ChatGPT and Bard in medical communication: a meta-analysis.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative Performance of AI Models and Clinicians in Evidence-Based Cardiovascular Disease Management for People Living With HIV: Comparative Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Scoping review: artificial intelligence in patient education for scoliosis.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Review
- Randomized clinical trial of the KH4L self-management program.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of virtual nurse interventions in chronic disease self-management: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- Guidelines vs. generative AI in CKD patient education: the role of prompt engineering and expert blinded evaluation.BMC nephrology · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence Chatbots in Peritoneal Dialysis Education: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study of Quality, Readability, and Reliability.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence readiness and its influencing factors among newly qualified nurses: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Accuracy, readability, and health information quality of AI chatbot responses for patient education on intermittent fasting in chronic kidney disease: a prospective structured evaluation.Frontiers in nephrology · 2026Article
- Perspectives of Patients Seeking Bariatric Surgery: The Impact of Early Patient-Provider Communication on Bariatric Surgery Utilization.Obesity surgery · 2025Article
- Advancing health equity: evaluating AI translations of kidney donor information for Spanish speakers.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients can benefit from personalized education on lifestyle and nutrition management strategies to enhance healthcare outcomes. The potential use of chatbots, introduced in 2022, as a tool for educating CKD patients has been explored. A set of 15 questions on lifestyle modification and nutrition, derived from a thorough review of three specific KDIGO guidelines, were developed and posed in various formats, including original, paraphrased with different adverbs, incomplete sentences, and misspellings. Four versions of AI were used to answer these questions: ChatGPT 3.5 (March and September 2023 versions), ChatGPT 4, and Bard AI. Additionally, 20 questions on lifestyle modification and nutrition were derived from the NKF KDOQI guidelines for nutrition in CKD (2020 Update) and answered by four versions of chatbots. Nephrologists reviewed all answers for accuracy. ChatGPT 3.5 produced largely accurate responses across the different question complexities, with occasional misleading statements from the March version. The September 2023 version frequently cited its last update as September 2021 and did not provide specific references, while the November 2023 version did not provide any misleading information. ChatGPT 4 presented answers similar to 3.5 but with improved reference citations, though not always directly relevant. Bard AI, while largely accurate with pictorial representation at times, occasionally produced misleading statements and had inconsistent reference quality, although an improvement was noted over time. Bing AI from November 2023 had short answers without detailed elaboration and sometimes just answered "YES". Chatbots demonstrate potential as personalized educational tools for CKD that utilize layman's terms, deliver timely and rapid responses in multiple languages, and offer a conversational pattern advantageous for patient engagement. Despite improvements observed from March to November 2023, some answers remained potentially misleading. ChatGPT 4 offers some advantages over 3.5, although the differences are limited. Collaboration between healthcare professionals and AI developers is essential to improve healthcare delivery and ensure the safe incorporation of chatbots into patient care.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.