ArticleCell proliferation2025
IL-12 minicircle delivery via extracellular vesicles as immunotherapy for bladder cancer.
Article in Cell proliferation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Extracellular vesicles in solid tumors: from tumor ecology to engineered therapeutics.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Nanotechnology-enabled precision strategies for bladder cancer: from in vitro diagnostics to in vivo therapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Mechanistic insights into taxane-induced psychiatric adverse events: a global pharmacovigilance and experimental investigation.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Research advances in extracellular vesicles for diagnosis and treatment of genitourinary cancers.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Recombinant Human Interleukin 12 in Dog and Rabbit Models of Toxicity.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2025Article
- Recombinant BCG Expressing IL-12 as A Novel Immunomodulatory Strategy for Allergic Asthma: Opportunities and Challenges.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Precision nanomedicine: navigating the tumor microenvironment for enhanced cancer immunotherapy and targeted drug delivery.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Cytokine Therapy in Bladder Cancer: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Future Prospects.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Muscle-Derived Bioactive Factors: MyoEVs and Myokines.Cell proliferation · 2025Article
- IL-12 minicircle delivery via extracellular vesicles as immunotherapy for bladder cancer.Cell proliferation · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) holds significant potential in cancer therapy; however, its clinical applicability is hindered by dose-limiting toxicity. Delivery of the IL-12 gene directly to tumours for constitutive IL-12 expression is a possible strategy to enhance its effectiveness while minimizing systemic toxicity. In this study, we investigate the potential of red blood cell-derived extracellular vesicles (RBCEVs) as a carrier for Il-12 plasmid delivery. We demonstrate that RBCEVs can be loaded with minicircle plasmid encoding IL-12 and delivered to MB49 bladder cancer cells for IL-12 expression. The expression of transgenes from minicircles was significantly higher than from the parental plasmids. RBCEV-mediated IL-12 expression stimulated immune responses in mouse splenocytes. Intratumoral delivery of Il-12 plasmid-loaded RBCEVs suppressed bladder cancer tumour growth, stimulated immune responses and promoted immune cell infiltration. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the promising potential of RBCEVs as an effective, safe and redosable nucleic acid drug delivery platform for IL-12.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.