ArticleClinical mass spectrometry (Del Mar, Calif.)2018
Urine analysis of 28 designer benzodiazepines by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry.
Article in Clinical mass spectrometry (Del Mar, Calif.), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- First case of drug-facilitated sexual assault involving metizolam.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Benzodiazepines in complex biological matrices: Recent updates on pretreatment and detection methods.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hundreds of new psychoactive substances (NPS) covering most drugs-of-abuse classes have been introduced to the recreational drug market in recent years. One class of NPS drugs that has become more common recently is "designer" benzodiazepines. Due to a close structural resemblance with prescription benzodiazepines, some of these substances may elicit a positive response (i.e. cross react) in immunoassay screening. Consequently, it is increasingly important to include NPS benzodiazepines during method confirmation to ensure accurate identification of closely-related compounds as well as detection of the benzodiazepines themselves. Here, we present our efforts to develop a screening and confirmation method for detection of 28 NPS benzodiazepines in urine using reversed-phase liquid chromatographic separation in combination with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). MS was performed in positive electrospray mode on a Thermo Fischer Scientific Q Exactive Orbitrap instrument using either full scan (for screening) or parallel reaction monitoring (for confirmation). We found the lower quantification limit of the method to range from 5 to 50 ng/mL. Analytical precision and accuracy were ≤15% for both screening and confirmation for all except one analyte. The method was used to analyze patient urine samples from routine drug testing and samples from acute intoxication cases presenting in emergency wards. Altogether, 16 of the 28 benzodiazepines (i.e., clobazam, clonazolam, deschloroetizolam, diclazepam, estazolam, etizolam, flubromazepam, flubromazolam, flunitrazolam, 3-hydroxyflubromazepam, 3-hydroxyphenazepam, ketazolam, meclonazepam, metizolam, nifoxipam, and pyrazolam) were detected in the urine samples. The results from patient sample analysis indicate a high prevalence of NPS benzodiazepine use, emphasizing the importance of including novel drugs of abuse in drug testing menus.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.