SynthesisBMJ global health2024
At-home specimen self-collection as an additional testing strategy for chlamydia and gonorrhoea: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMJ global health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Point-of-care Tests for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Review of the Literature.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Pooled it
- Mechanisms, management and prevention of anorectal sexually transmitted infections.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- Why Are Gonorrhea Case Rates Declining in the United States? A Research Agenda.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Review
- Integrated Cervical Self-Sampling for Cytology, High-Risk Human Papillomavirus, and Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing: A Prospective Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Modelling assessment of epidemiological strategies based on self-screening tools.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Attitudes towards and use of point-of-care tests for STIs: results from a survey of STI conference attendees in 2023.Sexual health · 2025Article
- Comparison of self-collected and healthcare worker-collected rectovaginal swabs for group B streptococcus detection in pregnancy using PCR with a commercial collection-enrichment device.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Editorial: Women in infectious agents and disease: 2024.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introduction
methodsWe searched Medline, Embase, Global Health, Cochrane Library, CINAHL (EBSCOHost), Scopus and Clinical Trials. Studies were included if they directly compared specimens self-collected at home or in other non-clinical settings to specimen collection at a healthcare facility (self or clinician) for Ct and/or Ng testing and evaluated the following outcomes: uptake in testing, linkage to care, and concordance (agreement) between the two settings for the same individuals. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB2) tool for randomised control trials (RCTs).
results19 studies, from 1998 to 2024, comprising 15 RCTs with a total of 62 369 participants and four concordance studies with 906 participants were included. Uptake of Ct or Ng testing was 2.61 times higher at home compared with clinical settings. There was a high concordance between specimens collected at home and in clinical settings, and linkage to care was not significantly different between the two settings (prevalence ratio 0.96 (95% CI 0.91-1.01)).
conclusionOur meta-analysis and systematic literature review show that offering self-collection of specimens at home or in other non-clinical settings could be used as an additional strategy to increase sexually transmitted infection testing in countries that have not yet widely adopted this collection method.
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Registered trials
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