ArticleAmerican journal of obstetrics and gynecology2025
Repeated birth injuries lead to long-term pelvic floor muscle dysfunction in the preclinical rat model.
Article in American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mode-of-Delivery-Specific Nomograms for Predicting Stress Urinary Incontinence One Year After Childbirth.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic evidence of remodeling in postpartum levator ani muscle associated with maternal age and recovery time after first vaginal delivery.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2026Article
- Deterioration of pelvic floor muscle function and prolonged urethral dysfunction in a rat model of simulated birth trauma.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Article
- Obstetric vesico-vaginal fistula with bladder neck loss led to bladder eversion: A rare case report.Urology case reports · 2026Article
- Positive relationship between an aggregate index of systemic inflammation and stress urinary incontinence: a nationwide cross-sectional analysis.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Article
- Differential expression of vaginal microenvironment cytokines in relation to delivery modes and their impact on postpartum pelvic floor recovery.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundVaginal childbirth is a key risk factor for pelvic floor muscle injury and dysfunction, and subsequent pelvic floor disorders. Multiparity further exacerbates these risks. Using the rat model, validated for the studies of the human pelvic floor muscles, we have previously identified that a single simulated birth injury results in pelvic floor muscle atrophy and fibrosis.
objectiveTo test the hypothesis that multiple birth injuries would further overwhelm the muscle regenerative capacity, leading to functionally relevant pathological alterations long-term. STUDY
designSprague-Dawley rats underwent simulated birth injury and were allowed to recover for 8 weeks before undergoing additional birth injury. Animals were sacrificed at acute (3 and 7 days postinjury), subacute (21, 28, and 35 days postinjury), and long-term (8 and 12 weeks postinjury) time points post second injury (N=3-8/time point), and the pubocaudalis portion of the rat levator ani complex was harvested to assess the impact of repeated birth injuries on muscle mechanical and histomorphological properties. The accompanying transcriptional changes were assessed by a customized NanoString panel. Uninjured animals were used as controls. Data with a parametric distribution were analyzed by a 2-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc pairwise comparisons using Tukey's or Sidak's tests; nonparametrically distributed data were compared with Kruskal-Wallis test followed by pairwise comparisons with Dunn's test. Data, analyzed using GraphPad Prism v8.0, San Diego, CA, are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean or median (range).
resultsFollowing the first simulated birth injury, active muscle force decreased acutely relative to uninjured controls (12.9±0.9 vs 25.98±2.1 g/mm
conclusionOverall, repeated birth injuries lead to a greater magnitude of pathological alterations compared to a single injury, resulting in more pronounced pelvic floor muscle degeneration and muscle dysfunction in the rat model. The above provides a putative mechanistic link between multiparity and the increased risk of pelvic floor dysfunction in women.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.