Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39191066›Full record

ArticleAddictive behaviors2024

Health harms that discourage alcohol consumption: A randomized experiment of warning messages.

Anna H Grummon, Cristina J Y Lee, Aline D'Angelo Campos, Callie Whitesell, Noel T Brewer, Allison J Lazard, Thomas K Greenfield, Marissa G Hall

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Addictive behaviors, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

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  3. Sharing Antivaping Social Media Messages.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Anna H GrummonDepartment of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Health Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. Electronic address: agrummon@stanford.edu.
Cristina J Y LeeDepartment of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Aline D'Angelo CamposDepartment of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Callie WhitesellCarolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Noel T BrewerDepartment of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Allison J LazardLineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Thomas K GreenfieldPublic Health Institute, Alcohol Research Group, Emeryville, CA, USA.
Marissa G HallDepartment of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Funding

Informing alcohol policy: The impact of evidence-based alcohol warnings on consumptionR01AA030548 · NIAAA · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI Anna H Grummon, Marissa Hall · 2023 to 2026
$2.5M
Developing and Evaluating Health and Environmental Messages to Improve Diet in Emerging AdultsK01HL158608 · NHLBI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Anna H Grummon · 2022 to 2026
$660k
NHLBI NIH HHS K01 HL158608NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA030548
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHealth warnings about alcohol consumption could inform consumers and discourage alcohol consumption, but little is known about what topics these warnings should address. We sought to identify promising topics for alcohol warnings.

methodsIn January 2024, we recruited a convenience sample of 2,522 US adults ages ≥ 21 years. In an online within-subjects experiment, participants viewed messages about 6 topics (5 warning topics selected from a pool of 16 topics [e.g., liver disease, liver cancer] and 1 control topic [i.e., recycling or reselling products]) shown in random order. For each topic, participants viewed and rated 2 statements about that topic on perceived message effectiveness (primary outcome) and reactance (secondary outcome).

resultsThe 16 warning topics elicited higher perceived message effectiveness than the control topic (ps < 0.001). Among the warning topics, liver disease, most cancer types, dementia or mental decline, and hypertension elicited the highest perceived message effectiveness, while breast cancer, sleep, and drinking guidelines elicited the lowest. Fourteen of the 16 warning topics (all except for fetal harms and impaired driving) elicited more reactance than the control topic (ps < 0.001). Warning topics that elicited high perceived message effectiveness generally elicited high reactance, except for messages about liver disease and liver cancer, which elicited high perceived message effectiveness but only moderate reactance. DISCUSSION: Warning messages about a variety of topics hold promise for discouraging alcohol consumption. Messages about liver disease, most cancer types, dementia or mental decline, and hypertension are perceived as especially effective; however, none of these topics are included in the current US alcohol warning.

Indexed as

Alcohol DrinkingAdultAgedFemaleHealth CommunicationHealth PromotionHumansMaleMiddle AgedProduct LabelingUnited StatesYoung AdultAlcohol consumptionHealth communicationHealth warningsPerceived message effectivenessPolicyReactance

Identifiers

PMID39191066
PMCPMC11407683

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.