ArticleJournal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie2026
Three-dimensional analysis of posttreatment tooth movements despite bonded retainers: part I-upper jaw.
Article in Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Three-dimensional stability during orthodontic retention: A comparative analysis of conventional, CAD/CAM-fabricated, and robotically bent fixed retainers versus removable appliances.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Three-dimensional analysis of posttreatment tooth movements despite bonded retainers: part II-lower jaw.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeAdverse side effects of fixed retainers in terms of unwanted tooth movements have been described for both the upper and lower jaw, but data about the extent and movement patterns for the maxilla are scarce. The purpose of the present retrospective case-control study was to analyze the amount and direction of unwanted tooth movements despite upper bonded retainers as well as to analyze possible predisposing pretreatment- and treatment-related factors.
methodsPlaster casts of 1026 patients who completed orthodontic treatment and a subsequent retention phase of 2 years were screened for unintentional tooth movements. The study group comprised 57 patients with visually obvious tooth movements in the upper jaw, while 57 randomly selected patients without visible tooth movements served as control group. For all patients, plaster casts after debonding of multibracket appliance (T1) and after supervised retention (T2) were digitized, and superimposed digitally using a stable palatal reference area. Thereafter, translational and rotational movements were measured in all three planes of space. Pretreatment- and treatment-related factors of the study and control groups were compared by χ
resultsThe mean translational movements ranged between 0 and 0.6 mm and the average rotational movements between 0 and 1.3°. Large individual movements up to 2.7 mm translation and 15.9° rotation were seen. A movement pattern around the Y‑ and Z‑axis with an opposite rotational peak at the canines ("upper twist effect") was identified. Compared to the control group, patients of the study group showed a significantly smaller intercanine width pretreatment. Also, study group patients presented a larger intercanine expansion and a slightly larger overjet reduction during treatment, and were more often affected by retainer bonding site detachments and wire fractures, but without reaching statistically significance.
conclusionUpper bonded retainers show a similar unwanted movement pattern ("twist effect") like the one described for mandibular retainers.
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