Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39188192›Full record

ArticleMagnetic resonance in medicine2025

Reproducible and highly miniaturized bazooka RF Balun using a printed capacitor.

Ming Lu, Yijin Yang, Shuyang Chai, Xinqiang Yan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Ming LuVanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Yijin YangVanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Shuyang ChaiVanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Xinqiang YanVanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4232-3241

Funding

Upgrade and Refurbishment of a 7T MRI Scanner for ResearchS10OD030389 · OD · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI GORE, JOHN C · 2021 to 2021
$2.0M
Integrated Next-generation RF Transmit, Receive and B0 shimming coil system for brain and spinal cord MRI at 7 TeslaR01EB031078 · NIBIB · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI YAN, XINQIANG · 2022 to 2025
$1.7M
Miniature and integrable balun for light-weight and flexible MRI RF coilsR03EB034366 · NIBIB · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI YAN, XINQIANG · 2023 to 2024
$175k
NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB031078NIBIB NIH HHS R03 EB034366NIH HHS R01 EB031078NIH HHS R03 EB034366NIH HHS S10 OD030389
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThere is currently a strong trend in developing RF coils that are high-density, lightweight, and highly flexible. In addition to the resonator structure of the RF coil itself, the balun or cable trap circuit serves as another essential element in the functionality and sensitivity of RF coils. This study explores the development and application of reproducible highly miniaturized baluns in RF coil design.

methodsWe introduce a novel approach to producing Bazooka baluns with printed coaxial capacitors, enabling the achievement of significant capacitance per unit length. Rigorous electromagnetic simulations and thorough hardware fabrication validate the efficacy of the proposed design across various magnetic field strengths, including 1.5 T, 3 T, and 7 T MRI systems.

resultsBench testing reveals that the proposed balun can achieve an acceptable common-mode rejection ratio even when it is highly miniaturized. The use of printed capacitors allows for a notable reduction in balun length and ensures high reproducibility. Findings demonstrate that the proposed balun exhibits no RF field distortion even when placed close to the sample, making it suitable for flexible coils, wearable coils, and high-density coils, particularly in high-field MRI.

conclusionThe reproducibility inherent in the manufacturing process of printed coaxial capacitors allows for simple fabrication and ensures consistency in production. These advancements pave the way for the development of flexible coils, wearable coils, and high-density coils.

Indexed as

Electric CapacitanceEquipment DesignMagnetic Resonance ImagingComputer SimulationHumansMagnetic FieldsMiniaturizationPhantoms, ImagingPrintingRadio WavesReproducibility of Resultsbaluncable trapflexible coilminiaturizationRF coil

Identifiers

PMID39188192
PMCPMC11897960

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.