ArticleJournal of affective disorders2024
The unique face of comorbid anxiety and depression: Increased frontal, insula and cingulate cortex response during Pavlovian fear-conditioning.
Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association between anxious-depression and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults: a latent class analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Similarities and differences of regional brain activity between first-episode drug-naïve anxious and nonanxious MDD patients.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDysregulation of fear processing through altered sensitivity to threat is thought to contribute to the development of anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, fewer studies have examined fear processing in MDD than in anxiety disorders. The current study used propensity matching to examine the hypothesis that comorbid MDD and anxiety (AnxMDD) shows greater neural correlates of fear processing than MDD, suggesting that the co-occurrence of AnxMDD is exemplified by exaggerated defense related processes.
methods195 individuals with MDD (N = 65) or AnxMDD (N = 130) were recruited from the community and completed multi-level assessments, including a Pavlovian fear learning task during functional imaging. Visual images paired with threat (conditioned stimuli: CS+) were compared to stimuli not paired with threat (CS-).
resultsMDD and AnxMDD showed significantly different patterns of activation for CS+ vs CS- in the dorsal anterior insula/inferior frontal gyrus (partial eta squared; ηp LIMITATIONS: Limitations include the cross-sectional design, a scream US rather than shock and half the number of MDD as AnxMDD participants.
conclusionsAnxMDD showed a pattern of increased activation in regions identified with fear processing. Effects were consistently driven by threat, further suggesting fear signaling as the emergent target process. Differences emerged in regions associated with salience processing, attentional orienting/conflict, self-relevant processing and executive functioning in comorbid anxiety and depression, thereby highlighting potential treatment targets for this prevalent and treatment resistant group.
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