ArticlePloS one2024
Metagenomics analysis of sewage for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in South Africa.
Article in PloS one, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Integrated qPCR and Shotgun Metagenomics for Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance in Municipal Wastewater from Central Italy.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Protocols for genomic epidemiology and source attribution of enteric bacteria causing diarrhoeal disease across Africa.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Genomic characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clonal lineage ST162 isolated from bovine-milk in South Africa.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Comparative resistome from toilet waste in three different income areas, Bangkok, Thailand.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Persistence of viable opportunistic pathogens in a multi-stage natural wastewater treatment system.PloS one · 2026Article
- The surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in wastewater from a one health perspective: A global scoping and temporal review (2014-2024).One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Bacterial Communities and Resistance and Virulence Genes in Hospital and Community Wastewater: Metagenomic Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
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8 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Our 24-month study used metagenomics to investigate antimicrobial resistance (AMR) abundance in raw sewage from wastewater treatment works (WWTWs) in two municipalities in Gauteng Province, South Africa. At the AMR class level, data showed similar trends at all WWTWs, showing that aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, sulfonamide and tetracycline resistance was most abundant. AMR abundance differences were shown between municipalities, where Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality (TMM) WWTWs showed overall higher abundance of AMR compared to Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality (EMM) WWTWs. Also, within each municipality, there were differing trends in AMR abundance. Notably, within TMM, certain AMR classes (macrolides and macrolides_streptogramin B) were in higher abundance at a WWTW serving an urban high-income area, while other AMR classes (aminoglycosides) were in higher abundance at a WWTW serving a semi-urban low income area. At the AMR gene level, all WWTWs samples showed the most abundance for the sul1 gene (encoding sulfonamide resistance). Following this, the next 14 most abundant genes encoded resistance to sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines and beta-lactams. Notably, within TMM, some macrolide-encoding resistance genes (mefC, msrE, mphG and mphE) were in highest abundance at a WWTW serving an urban high-income area; while sul1, sul2 and tetC genes were in highest abundance at a WWTW serving a semi-urban low income area. Differential abundance analysis of AMR genes at WWTWs, following stratification of data by season, showed some notable variance in six AMR genes, of which blaKPC-2 and blaKPC-34 genes showed the highest prevalence of seasonal abundance differences when comparing data within a WWTW. The general trend was to see higher abundances of AMR genes in colder seasons, when comparing seasonal data within a WWTW. Our study investigated wastewater samples in only one province of South Africa, from WWTWs located within close proximity to one another. We would require a more widespread investigation at WWTWs distributed across all regions/provinces of South Africa, in order to describe a more comprehensive profile of AMR abundance across the country.
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