ArticleIndian journal of ophthalmology2025
Botulinum toxin A as a treatment modality for acute acquired comitant esotropia - An Indian perspective.
Article in Indian journal of ophthalmology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07180394 (Botulinum Toxin for Strabismus Treatment), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Botulinum Toxin for Strabismus Treatment
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Risk factors and predictors for botulinum toxin type A reinjection within six months in patients with acute acquired concomitant esotropia.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Surgical outcomes of bilateral medial rectus recession in cases of acute acquired comitant esotropia.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo analyze the outcomes of botulinum toxin A injection in acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE).
methodsThis is a retrospective study that included cases diagnosed as AACE between January 2022 and February 2023. Patients who were treated with Botox and completed a minimum 3 months follow-up were included in the study. All the patients underwent a complete ophthalmic, orthoptic examination and neuroimaging. The effects of age, onset of esotropia, screen time, deviation pre injection, mode of injection (transconjunctival/ open sky) and whether injection was administered in one/both eyes on successful outcome were analysed.
resultsTwenty-seven patients (20 male, seven female) were included in the study. The median age was 10 years. The median deviation for distance and near preinjection was 35 and 40 prism diopters, respectively. Complete resolution of symptoms was noted in 18 patients (66.6%). Four patients needed prisms, two required repeat injections, and one each needed surgery and divergence therapy. Six patients developed ptosis. None of the risk factors seemed to affect outcomes.
conclusionBotulinum toxin injected into the medial rectus is a safe and viable option for AACE. Preinjection counseling about ptosis, recurrence needing prisms, reinjection, or surgery is important.
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