ReviewHeliyon2024
Sex as a Biological Variable in Early-Phase Oncology Clinical Trials: Enhancing the Path to Personalised Medicine.
Review in Heliyon, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sex-Biased Immunity: The Hidden Variable in Immuno-oncology.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Review
- Deciphering the genetic underlying causes of sex differences in multiple myeloma incidence and mortality.HGG advances · 2026Article
- Sex differences in non-reproductive cancers: mechanistic roles of sex-hormone signaling.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Sex-Specific Responses to Intermittent Fasting: A Narrative Review Across Physiological, Clinical, and Psychosocial Contexts.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Sex-based differences in the NRF2 oxidative stress response: Implications for precision therapeutics.Redox biology · 2026Review
- X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) can determine sex differences in cardiovascular drug responses: focus on RNA therapeutics.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Early Detection of Glioma: Investigating Inflammatory Markers (CRP), Kidney, and Liver Function.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sex is an essential biological variable that influences the development, progression and response to treatment in cancer. Despite this, early-phase cancer clinical trials frequently neglect to consider sex as a variable, creating a barrier to the development of personalised medicine. This article argues that failure to identify and infer sex differences in early-phase clinical trials may result in suboptimal dosing, underestimation of toxicity, and the failure to identify potential sex-specific responses to new systemic anticancer therapies. There should be a greater focus on sex as a biological variable in drug development so that thoughtful and deliberate study design can bring precision to the development of new systemic cancer therapies.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.