ArticlePediatric research2025
Blood glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate predict significant brain injury after hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal mice.
Article in Pediatric research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Therapeutic hypothermia does not prevent dysmaturity of medial ganglionic eminence-derived interneurons in the dorsal hippocampus after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia.Experimental neurology · 2026Article
- Exendin-4 improves neurodevelopmental outcome after neonatal germinal matrix hemorrhage.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Human Apolipoprotein E ε4 Allele Modulates Energy Substrate Availability, Seizure Burden, Mortality and Hippocampal Injury, Cell Death, and Inflammation after Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury.Developmental neuroscience · 2026Article
- Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia alters the events governing the hippocampal critical period of postnatal synaptic plasticity leading to deficits in working memory in mice.Neurobiology of disease · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundThe Vannucci procedure is widely used to model cerebral hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury in neonatal rodents. Identifying minimally invasive biomarkers linked to brain injury would improve stratification of pups to experimental treatments. We hypothesized that extreme blood glucose (BG) and β-hydroxybutyrate (bHB) levels immediately after HI will correlate with severity of brain injury in this model.
methodsC57BL6 mice of both sexes underwent the Vannucci procedure with BG and bHB measured immediately after hypoxia. GFAP and α-fodrin were measured to assess injury severity at 4h, P11, P18 and P40. Open field (OF), Y-maze (YM), and Object-location task (OLT) were tested at P40.
resultsClinical seizures-like stereotypies during hypoxia were associated with lower post-hypoxia BG in HI-injured mice. Low BG after HI was related to higher GFAP expression, higher α-fodrin breakdown, lower residual regional volume, and worse working memory. BG was superior to bHB in ROC analysis with BG threshold of <111 mg/dL providing 100% specificity with 72% sensitivity for hippocampal HI-injury.
conclusionsPost-hypoxic BG is a minimally invasive screening tool to identify pups with significant HI brain injury in the Vannucci model modified for mice improving our ability to stratify pups to experimental treatments to assess effectiveness. IMPACT: End hypoxic-ischemic blood glucose levels are a reliable and inexpensive biomarker to detect hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in mice. Screening with blood glucose levels post-hypoxia allows appropriate stratification of those mouse pups most likely to be injured to experimental treatments improving validity and translatability of the results. These findings provide biological plausibility to the clinical observation that extreme blood glucose levels relate to worse outcomes after hypoxia-ischemia.
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