ArticleJournal of epidemiology and community health2024
Frailty index is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in Eastern Europe: a multicentre cohort study.
Article in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Treatment-modifying effects of frailty on stroke reperfusion therapy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Age and ageing · 2026Pooled it
- Association of frailty and pre-frailty with cardiovascular mortality: a meta-analysis of 26 cohort studies.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Frailty burden and symptomatic BPH/LUTS in aging men: evidence from two nationally representative population-based studies.World journal of urology · 2026Article
- Frailty status and mortality among patients with cardiometabolic diseases in an international multi-cohort study.iScience · 2026Article
- Article
- Cohort profile: The Czech Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe study (HAPIEE-CZ).Research square · 2026Article
- Cross-lag association between TyG-CVAI and frailty index: evidence from a natural population cohort in southwestern China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Cross-sectional and longitudinal trajectory analyses of sleep duration and frailty among middle-aged and older Chinese adults.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association of frailty with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in community-dwelling older adults: insights from the Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis study investigates the association between frailty and mortality in Eastern European populations, which remains largely unexplored compared with Western Europe. The aim is to assess the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality associated with varying levels of frailty.
methodsA prospective multicentre cohort study was conducted, involving random population samples from the Czech Republic, Poland and Lithuania. The baseline survey (2002-2005) included 26 746 individuals aged 45-69 years, with an average follow-up of 13 years. Frailty was measured using a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA)-based Frailty Index (FI), calculating the number of deficits in each domain. Cox proportional regression models and inverse probability weighting (IPW) were employed to account for risk factor differences among the frailty groups: robust, prefrail, mild, moderate and severe.
resultsThe study included 14 287 people, among whom 891 were frail, with a total of 2402 deaths.Compared with non-frail persons, those with mild (IPW HR 2.06, 95% CI 1.60 to 2.66) and severe (IPW HR 2.71, 95% CI 1.45 to 5.07) frailty had more than twofold elevated risk of all-cause mortality. For cardiovascular mortality, the corresponding HRs were (IPW HR 3.05, 95% CI 2.14 to 4.35) and (IPW HR 3.88, 95% CI 1.95 to 7.74). Men exhibited a higher mortality risk at all frailty levels only in unweighted analysis. Country-specific differences were not significant.
conclusionsA CGA-based FI is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, with even mild frailty increasing the risk. Implementing frailty assessments can improve health risk prediction in older adults from Eastern Europe.
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