ArticleTrials2024
The EC90 of remifentanil for inhibiting endotracheal intubation responses under anesthesia induction with ciprofol: study protocol for a dose-finding trial with the biased-coin design.
Article in Trials, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comparison of the EDDrug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- Determine of 90% Effective Dose of Oliceridine Combined with Etomidate for Inhibiting Laryngeal Mask Airway Insertion Responses in Patients of Different Ages: A Biased-Coin Sequential Allocation Dose-Finding Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Trial
- Effect of Lidocaine on Ciprofol Dosage and Efficacy in Patients Who Underwent Gastroscopy Sedation.Medical science monitor basic research · 2024Trial
- Pharmacological strategies to minimize or avoid neuromuscular blocking agents during general anesthesia: a comprehensive approach from airway management to surgical requirements.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTracheal intubation may cause significant hemodynamic responses. Many drugs have been shown to be effective in modifying these cardiovascular responses, including remifentanil, fentanyl, sufentanil, and alfentanil. However, the 90% effect-site concentration (EC90) of remifentanil required to control cardiovascular responses to tracheal intubation when combined with ciprofol remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the EC90 of remifentanil inhibiting cardiovascular responses to tracheal intubation during anesthesia induction with ciprofol using biased-coin design up-and-down sequential method (BC-UDM).
methodsThis is a prospective sequential allocation dose-finding study. American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA) I-II elective surgical patients receiving target-controlled infusion (TCI) of remifentanil effect-site concentration (Ce), followed by ciprofol and rocuronium for anesthesia, were enrolled. The cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation was defined as positive when mean arterial pressure (MAP) or heart rate (HR) is 15% higher than the baseline value. Using the BC-UDM, the Ce of remifentanil was determined based on the cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation of the previous patient. The EC90 and 90% confidence intervals (90% CIs) were estimated by R-Foundation centered isotonic regression and the pooled adjacent violators algorithm with bootstrapping. DISCUSSION: The results of this study sought to demonstrate EC90 of remifentanil blunting sympathetic responses to tracheal intubation during anesthesia index (Ai)-guided ciprofol anesthesia using BCD-UDM. It may help to minimize the cardiovascular responses to tracheal intubation.
trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2300078275. Registered on December 3, 2023.
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