ArticleEBioMedicine2024
Clearance of erythrocytes from the subarachnoid space through cribriform plate lymphatics in female mice.
Article in EBioMedicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Reconstructing cerebral lymphatic clearance: an emerging target in the Alzheimer's disease therapeutic pipeline.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- The cribriform plate: A dynamic central nervous system-immune hub.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Possible Impact of Lymphatic Drainage on Brain Injury After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Post-stroke glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic dysfunction: mechanisms, imaging evidence, and translational challenges.Frontiers in stroke · 2026Review
- Cerebrospinal fluid draining lymphatics in health and disease: advances and controversies.Nature cardiovascular research · 2025Review
- Perineural immune environment of olfactory nerves is reshaped by neuroinflammatory drainage and connects to ethmoid bone marrow.Science advances · 2025Article
- Dual role of vascular endothelial growth factor-C in post-stroke recovery.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAtraumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Proposed mechanisms for red blood cell (RBC) clearance from the subarachnoid space (SAS) are erythrolysis, erythrophagocytosis or through efflux along cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage routes. We aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of RBC clearance from the SAS to identify targetable efflux pathways.
methodsAutologous fluorescently-labelled RBCs along with PEGylated 40 kDa near-infrared tracer (P40D800) were infused via the cisterna magna (i.c.m.) in female reporter mice for lymphatics or for resident phagocytes. Drainage pathways for RBCs to extracranial lymphatics were evaluated by in vivo and in situ near-infrared imaging and by immunofluorescent staining on decalcified cranial tissue or dural whole-mounts.
findingsRBCs drained to the deep cervical lymph nodes 15 min post i.c.m. infusion, showing similar dynamics as P40D800 tracer. Postmortem in situ imaging and histology showed perineural accumulations of RBCs around the optic and olfactory nerves. Numerous RBCs cleared through the lymphatics of the cribriform plate, whilst histology showed no relevant fast RBC clearance through dorsal dural lymphatics or by tissue-resident macrophage-mediated phagocytosis.
interpretationThis study provides evidence for rapid RBC drainage through the cribriform plate lymphatic vessels, whilst neither fast RBC clearance through dorsal dural lymphatics nor through spinal CSF efflux or phagocytosis was observed. Similar dynamics of P40D800 and RBCs imply open pathways for clearance that do not impose a barrier for RBCs. This finding suggests further evaluation of the cribriform plate lymphatic function and potential pharmacological targeting in models of SAH.
fundingSwiss National Science Foundation (310030_189226), SwissHeart (FF191155).
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