Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39177800›Full record

SynthesisChild's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery2024

Update on the role of S100B in traumatic brain injury in pediatric population: a meta-analysis.

Alberto Morello, Irene Schiavetti, Enrico Lo Bue, Irene Portonero, Stefano Colonna, Andrea Gatto, Marco Pavanello, Michele Maria Lanotte, Diego Garbossa, Fabio Cofano

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Long-term functional outcomes following pediatric decompressive craniectomy for traumatic brain injury.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Alberto MorelloNeurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience, "Rita Levi Montalcini", "Città Della Salute E Della Scienza" University Hospital, University of Turin, 10124, Turin, Italy. alberto.morello@unito.it.ORCID 0009-0004-7114-7787
Irene SchiavettiDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Enrico Lo BueNeurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience, "Rita Levi Montalcini", "Città Della Salute E Della Scienza" University Hospital, University of Turin, 10124, Turin, Italy.
Irene PortoneroNeurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience, "Rita Levi Montalcini", "Città Della Salute E Della Scienza" University Hospital, University of Turin, 10124, Turin, Italy.
Stefano ColonnaNeurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience, "Rita Levi Montalcini", "Città Della Salute E Della Scienza" University Hospital, University of Turin, 10124, Turin, Italy.
Andrea GattoNeurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience, "Rita Levi Montalcini", "Città Della Salute E Della Scienza" University Hospital, University of Turin, 10124, Turin, Italy.
Marco PavanelloDepartment of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
Michele Maria LanotteStereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Rita Levi Montalcini", AOU Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, University Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Diego GarbossaNeurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience, "Rita Levi Montalcini", "Città Della Salute E Della Scienza" University Hospital, University of Turin, 10124, Turin, Italy.
Fabio CofanoNeurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience, "Rita Levi Montalcini", "Città Della Salute E Della Scienza" University Hospital, University of Turin, 10124, Turin, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveCranial computed tomography (CT) scan is the most widely used tool to rule out intracranial lesions after pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, in pediatric population, the radiation exposure can lead to an increased risk of hematological and brain neoplasm. Defined in 2019 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines as "troponins for the brain", serum biomarkers measurements, particularly S100B, have progressively emerged as a supplementary tool in the management of TBI thanks to their capacity to predict intracranial post-traumatic lesions.

methodsThis systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA protocol (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses). No chronological limits of study publications were included. Studies reporting data from children with TBI undergoing serum S100B measurement and computed tomography (CT) scans were included.

resultsOf 380 articles screened, 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. Patients admitted with mild-TBI in the Emergency Department (ED) were 1325 (80.25%). The overall pooled sensitivity and specificity were 98% (95% CI, 92-99%) and 45% (95% CI, 29-63%), respectively. The meta-analysis revealed a high negative predictive value (NVP) (99%; 95% CI, 94-100%) and a low positive predictive value (PPV) (41%; 95% CI, 16-79%). Area under the curve (AUC) was 76% (95% CI, 65-85%). The overall pooled negative predictive value (NPV) was 99% (95% CI, 99-100%).

conclusionsThe measurement of serum S100B in the diagnostic workflow of mTBI could help informed decision-making in the ED setting, potentially safely reducing the use of CT scan in the pediatric population. The high sensitivity and excellent negative predictive values look promising and seem to be close to the values found in adults. Despite this, it must be pointed out the high heterogeneity (> 90%) found among studies. In order for S100B to be regularly introduced in the pediatric workflow for TBI, it is important to conduct further studies to obtain cut-off levels based on pediatric reference intervals.

Indexed as

Brain Injuries, TraumaticS100 Calcium Binding Protein beta SubunitAdolescentBiomarkersChildChild, PreschoolHumansTomography, X-Ray ComputedBiomarkersS100B protein, humanS100 Calcium Binding Protein beta SubunitBiomarkerChildrenEmergency departmentHead traumaIntracranial injuryS100bTraumatic brain injury

Identifiers

PMID39177800
PMCPMC11538191

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.