Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39175092›Full record

SynthesisInternational breastfeeding journal2024

Incidence and factors influencing delayed onset of lactation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Yijuan Peng, Ke Zhuang, Yan Huang

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in International breastfeeding journal, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Yijuan Peng *Department of Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, No. 20 Third Section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China.
Ke Zhuang *Department of Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, No. 20 Third Section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China.
Yan HuangDepartment of Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, No. 20 Third Section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China. huangyan_hx@scu.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBreastfeeding has many benefits for mothers and infants. Lactogenesis II is one of the key steps in the implementation of breastfeeding. If lactogenesis II occurs more than 72 h after delivery, it is termed delayed onset of lactation (DOL). DOL is associated with decreased milk production, shortened breastfeeding time, and pathological neonatal weight loss. A comprehensive summary of the incidence and factors influencing DOL is needed to provide a basis for improving breastfeeding practices and health outcomes.

methodsStudies on the incidence and factors influencing DOL were retrieved from 13 Chinese and English databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, etc.) from database inception to August 2023. Two researchers independently conducted the study screening, data extraction and quality evaluation. Stata 16.0 SE software was used for data analysis, and sensitivity analysis and publication bias tests were also performed. The qualitative description method was used to analyse studies that could not be combined quantitatively.

resultsA total of 35 studies involving 19,176 parturients, including 4,922 who had DOL, were included. The mean Newcastle‒Ottawa scale score of the included studies was ≥ 6, indicating that the quality was relatively high. Finally, the incidence of DOL was 30%, and 13 factors influencing DOL with robust results and no publication bias were obtained: prepregnancy body mass index (overweight or obesity), gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, thyroid disease during pregnancy, serum albumin levels (< 35 g/L), parity, (unscheduled) caesarean section, caesarean section history, daily sleep duration, gestational age, birth weight (< 2.5 kg), breastfeeding guidance and daily breastfeeding frequency. However, there were still six influencing factors with undetermined associations: age, gestational weight gain, birth weight (≥ 4 kg), anxiety, time of first breastfeeding session (maternal separation) and breast massage or treatment.

conclusionsThe incidence of DOL is high. Clinicians should pay attention to parturients at high risk of DOL and formulate targeted prevention strategies according to the influencing factors to reduce the occurrence of DOL and promote better maternal and infant outcomes.

trial registrationPROSPERO (ID: CRD42023458786), September 10, 2023.

Indexed as

Breast FeedingLactationAdultFemaleHumansIncidenceInfant, NewbornLactation DisordersPregnancyTime FactorsDelayed onset of lactationIncidenceInfluencing factorMeta-analysisSystematic review

Identifiers

PMID39175092
PMCPMC11342634

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.