SynthesisMolecular psychiatry2025
All-cause mortality risk in long-acting injectable versus oral antipsychotics in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Molecular psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Guideline
- Impact of exercise type, duration, and intensity on depressive symptoms in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Pooled it
- Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics in Schizophrenia and Comorbid Substance Use Disorder: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Translating Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics into Clinical Decision-Making: A Practical Guide to the Use of Risperidone ISMJournal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia: Japanese Expert Consensus 2025.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Real-world comprehensive care of people living with schizophrenia: recommendations across different settings and clinical stages.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2026Article
- Initiation of aripiprazole once-monthly via a two‑injection start in adult patients diagnosed with schizophrenia: real-world experiences of healthcare professionals from five European countries.Annals of general psychiatry · 2026Article
- Barriers to long-acting injectable antipsychotic use for community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia in China: a qualitative process analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Understanding long-acting injectables in the context of treatment planning for schizophrenia: crafting a strategy.CNS spectrums · 2025Review
- Differentiating aspects of oral and long-acting injectable antipsychotic drugs for tailoring the therapy of schizophrenia in clinical practice: a narrative review.International clinical psychopharmacology · 2025Review
- What is behind the 17-year life expectancy gap between individuals with schizophrenia and the general population?Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Choosing among the long-acting injectable antipsychotics: an evidence-based pragmatic guide.CNS spectrums · 2025Review
- Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Schizophrenia Treated with Long-Acting Injectable vs. Oral Antipsychotics: A Naturalistic Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The association of age of onset on suicide attempts in patients with chronic schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Real-world examination of the rates of long-acting injectable attrition in a cohort of early psychosis patients after discharge from an early intervention service for psychosis.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia receiving antipsychotic treatment present lower mortality rates than those who do not. However, the non-adherence rate is high, which can be partially addressed using long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics. The impact of LAI treatments on all-cause mortality compared to oral antipsychotics remains unclear. To fill that gap, a random effects meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the odds ratio (OR) of all-cause, suicidal, and non-suicidal mortality among patients taking LAI antipsychotics compared to oral antipsychotics (PROSPERO:CRD42023391352). Individual and pooled LAI antipsychotics were analyzed against pooled oral antipsychotics. Sensitivity analyses were performed for study design, setting, and industry sponsorship. Meta-regressions were conducted for gender, age, antipsychotic dose, and race. Seventeen articles, total sample 12,042 patients (N = 5795 oral, N = 6247 LAI) were included. Lower risk of all-cause mortality for patients receiving LAI antipsychotics vs receiving oral antipsychotics was found (OR = 0.79; 95%CI = 0.66-0.95). Statistical significance was maintained when only studies comparing the same LAI and oral antipsychotic were included (OR = 0.79; 95%CI = 0.66-0.95; p = <0.01), as well as for non-suicidal mortality (OR = 0.77: 95%CI = 0.63-0.94; p = 0.01), but not for suicidal mortality (OR = 0.86; 95%CI = 0.59-1.26; p = 0.44). Mortality reduction was more pronounced for LAI antipsychotics in first-episode psychosis (FEP) (OR = 0.79; 95%CI = 0.66-0.96) compared to chronic psychosis. No individual LAI reported statistically significant differences against all pooled oral antipsychotics. LAI antipsychotics are associated with a lower risk of all-cause and non-suicidal mortality in individuals with schizophrenia compared to oral antipsychotics. Better adherence to the medication and health services may explain this difference. Whenever possible, the use of LAIs should be considered from the FEP.
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