ArticleNPJ Parkinson's disease2024
Neuroprotection of low dose carbon monoxide in Parkinson's disease models commensurate with the reduced risk of Parkinson's among smokers.
Article in NPJ Parkinson's disease, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Gasotransmitters and their influence on autism spectrum disorders - a systematic review.Molecular biology reports · 2025Pooled it
- Unraveling the potential of gasotransmitters as neurogenic and neuroprotective molecules: focus on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.Redox report : communications in free radical research · 2026Review
- Smoking, Exhaled Carbon Monoxide, and Risk of Parkinson Disease.JAMA neurology · 2026Article
- Exercise and smoking: health rivals revealing shared protective mechanisms in Parkinson's?NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- Neurobiology of exercise in Parkinson's disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- Genetic and Proteomic Investigation of the Smoking-Parkinson's Disease Association.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Dynamic Smoking Patterns and Risk of Parkinson Disease and All-Cause Mortality: A Competing Risk Analysis Approach.Neurology · 2026Article
- Carbon Monoxide Therapy: Evidence and Prospects for Preventing and Treating Retinal Diseases.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Can smoking history, peripheral inflammation, and nutritional status discriminate Parkinson's disease? Development and validation of a clinically accessible nomogram.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Investigating the Potential Roles of Environmental Exposures on the Pathology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis by Overlap Analysis.Neurotoxicity research · 2025Article
- Proposed mechanisms of neuroprotection for nicotine in Parkinson's disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2025Review
- The role of gasotransmitters in Parkinson's disease: Interplay of nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Review
- Long-term exposure to multiple air pollutants and risk of Parkinson's disease: a population-based multipollutant model study.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2025Article
- Compelling Evidence: A Critical Update on the Therapeutic Potential of Carbon Monoxide.Medicinal research reviews · 2025Review
- How reducing oxygen-transport may lower the risk of developing Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- From cigarettes to compulsions: a longitudinal study in de novo Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Significance of nicotine and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Review
- Opinion: exploring alternative pathways to neuroprotection-nicotine and carbon monoxide as antioxidative factors in neurodegeneration and delirium.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Lithium Chloride Rescues Dopaminergic Neurons in a Parkinson's Disease Rat Model Challenged with Rotenone.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2025Article
- Beneficial Effects of Oral Carbon Monoxide on Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Paradoxically, cigarette smoking is associated with a reduced risk of Parkinson's Disease (PD). This led us to hypothesize that carbon monoxide (CO) levels, which are constitutively but modestly elevated in smokers, might contribute to neuroprotection. Using rodent models of PD based on α-synuclein (αSyn) accumulation and oxidative stress, we show that low-dose CO mitigates neurodegeneration and reduces αSyn pathology. Oral CO administration activated signaling cascades mediated by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which have been implicated in limiting oxidative stress, and in promoting αSyn degradation, thereby conferring neuroprotection. Consistent with the neuroprotective effect of smoking, HO-1 levels in cerebrospinal fluid were higher in human smokers compared to nonsmokers. Moreover, in PD brain samples, HO-1 levels were higher in neurons without αSyn pathology. Thus, CO in rodent PD models reduces pathology and increases oxidative stress responses, phenocopying possible protective effects of smoking evident in PD patients. These data highlight the potential for low-dose CO-modulated pathways to slow symptom onset and limit pathology in PD patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.