Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39173740›Full record

ArticleJournal of global antimicrobial resistance2024

Azithromycin-resistant mph(A)-positive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in the United States.

Kaitlin A Tagg, Justin Y Kim, Britton Henderson, Meseret G Birhane, Caroline Snyder, Carla Boutwell, Abiye Iyo, Linlin Li, Eva Weinstein, Yvonne Mercado and 4 more

Abstract readCase Reports
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of global antimicrobial resistance, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Kaitlin A TaggDivision of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Justin Y KimDivision of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; ASRT, Inc, Suwanee, GA, USA.
Britton HendersonDivision of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; ASRT, Inc, Suwanee, GA, USA.
Meseret G BirhaneDivision of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Caroline SnyderDivision of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
Carla BoutwellMississippi State Department of Health, Jackson, MS, USA.
Abiye IyoMississippi State Department of Health, Jackson, MS, USA.
Linlin LiCalifornia Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA.
Eva WeinsteinCalifornia Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA.
Yvonne MercadoMadera County Department of Public Health, Madera, CA, USA.
Arancha Peñil-CelisInstituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
Matthew MikoleitDivision of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Jason P FolsterDivision of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Louise K Francois WatkinsDivision of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: hvu9@cdc.gov.

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThe United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducts active surveillance for typhoid fever cases caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (Typhi). Here we describe the characteristics of the first two cases of mph(A)-positive azithromycin-resistant Typhi identified through US surveillance.

methodsIsolates were submitted to public health laboratories, sequenced, and screened for antimicrobial resistance determinants and plasmids, as part of CDC PulseNet's routine genomic surveillance. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and long-read sequencing were also performed. Basic case information (age, sex, travel, outcome) was collected through routine questionnaires; additional epidemiological data was requested through follow-up patient interviews.

resultsThe patients are related and both reported travel to India (overlapping travel dates) before illness onset. Both Typhi genomes belong to the GenoTyphi lineage 4.3.1.1 and carry the azithromycin-resistance gene mph(A) on a PTU-FE (IncFIA/FIB/FII) plasmid. These strains differ genetically from mph(A)-positive Typhi genomes recently reported from Pakistan, suggesting independent emergence of azithromycin resistance in India.

conclusionsCases of typhoid fever caused by Typhi strains resistant to all available oral treatment options are cause for concern and support the need for vaccination of travellers to Typhi endemic regions. US genomic surveillance serves as an important global sentinel for detection of strains with known and emerging antimicrobial resistance profiles, including strains from areas where routine surveillance is not conducted.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsAzithromycinSalmonella typhiTyphoid FeverAdultDrug Resistance, BacterialFemaleHumansIndiaMaleMicrobial Sensitivity TestsPlasmidsUnited StatesAnti-Bacterial AgentsAzithromycinAzithromycin resistanceS. Typhi

Identifiers

PMID39173740
PMCPMC11663695

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.