Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39173107›Full record

ArticleNeurology2024

Acute Kidney Injury and Its Association With Dementia and Specific Dementia Types: Findings From a Population-Based Study in Sweden.

Hong Xu, Maria Eriksdotter, Sara Garcia-Ptacek, Daniel Ferreira, Dongze Ji, Annette Bruchfeld, Yang Xu, Juan J Carrero

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In one paragraph

Article in Neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Dual Neuroprotective and Nephroprotective Effects ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Cholinergic system in patients with chronic kidney disease: cognitive and renal implications.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2025
    Review
  8. Care pathways for patients with cognitive impairment and chronic kidney disease.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2025
    Review
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Hong XuFrom the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (H.X., M.E., S.G.-P., D.F.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy (D.J., Y.X.), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum (A.B.), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, and Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB) (J.J.C.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-7266-3431
Maria EriksdotterFrom the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (H.X., M.E., S.G.-P., D.F.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy (D.J., Y.X.), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum (A.B.), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, and Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB) (J.J.C.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
Sara Garcia-PtacekFrom the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (H.X., M.E., S.G.-P., D.F.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy (D.J., Y.X.), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum (A.B.), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, and Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB) (J.J.C.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-1537-6129
Daniel FerreiraFrom the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (H.X., M.E., S.G.-P., D.F.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy (D.J., Y.X.), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum (A.B.), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, and Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB) (J.J.C.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-9522-4338
Dongze JiFrom the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (H.X., M.E., S.G.-P., D.F.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy (D.J., Y.X.), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum (A.B.), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, and Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB) (J.J.C.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
Annette BruchfeldFrom the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (H.X., M.E., S.G.-P., D.F.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy (D.J., Y.X.), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum (A.B.), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, and Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB) (J.J.C.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
Yang XuFrom the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (H.X., M.E., S.G.-P., D.F.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy (D.J., Y.X.), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum (A.B.), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, and Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB) (J.J.C.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-1074-608X
Juan J CarreroFrom the Division of Clinical Geriatrics (H.X., M.E., S.G.-P., D.F.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy (D.J., Y.X.), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum (A.B.), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, and Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB) (J.J.C.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectivesPreclinical studies suggest that acute kidney injury (AKI) results in biochemical and pathologic changes in the brain. We aimed to explore the association between experiencing AKI and subsequent risks of developing dementia.

methodsWe conducted a study involving individuals aged 65 years and older in Stockholm from 2006 to 2019, who were free from dementia diagnosis and had data on kidney function. The exposure was an episode of AKI (time varying), ascertained by issued clinical diagnoses and transient creatinine elevations according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria. The outcome was all-cause dementia and specific types of dementia, ascertained by clinically confirmed cases in the Swedish registry of cognitive/dementia disorders, the presence of 2 issued dementia diagnoses in outpatient care, or initiation of specific antidementia medications. We investigated associations with dementia through Cox proportional hazard regression by AKI, severity levels of AKI, AKI recurrence, and setting (community-acquired or hospital-acquired AKI).

resultsWe included 305,122 individuals with a median age of 75 ± 8 years (56.6% women). During a median follow-up of 12.3 (interquartile range 8.7-13.3) years, there were 79,888 individuals (26%) suffering from at least 1 episode of AKI and 47,938 incident cases (16%) of dementia. The rate of dementia cases was 37.0 per 1,000 person-years (95% CI 36.2-37.8) after developing AKI, which was approximately 2 times higher than the rate observed during the periods before AKI (17.3, 95% CI 17.2-17.5). After multivariable adjustment, developing AKI was associated with a 49% higher rate of subsequent dementia (adjusted hazard ratio hazard ratio [HR] 1.49, 95% CI 1.45-1.53). This pattern was consistent across dementia types, with HRs of 1.88 (95% CI 1.53-2.32), 1.47 (1.38-1.56), and 1.31 (1.25-1.38) for dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson disease with dementia, vascular dementia, and Alzheimer dementia, respectively. Risk associations were stronger in magnitude across more severe AKIs and in hospital-acquired vs community-acquired AKI. DISCUSSION: Individuals who experienced an AKI were at increased risk of receiving a diagnosis of dementia.

Indexed as

Acute Kidney InjuryDementiaAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansMaleRegistriesSweden

Identifiers

PMID39173107
PMCPMC11379439

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