Trial reportIntensive care medicine2024
Long-term effects of flexible visitation in the intensive care unit on family members' mental health: 12-month results from a randomized clinical trial.
Trial report in Intensive care medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of an intensive care unit virtual reality intervention on relatives´ mental health distress: a multicenter, randomized controlled trial.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Trial
- Article
- Interventions to improve mental health in caregivers of adult intensive care patients: a systematic review.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- Perceptions and Experiences of Stakeholders on In-Person and Virtual Visitation in Intensive Care Units: A Qualitative Study Protocol in China.Health science reports · 2026Article
- The Effects of Digital Health Interventions for Family Members in Intensive Care Units: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Review
- Comparison of Open Visiting and Restricted Visiting in ICU Chronic Critical Patients: Effects on Negative Emotions and Delirium.International journal of general medicine · 2026Article
- The Legal and Ethical Dimensions of Hospital Visitation Bans in the COVID-19 Era.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Flexible intensive care unit visitation: a valuable practice that requires contextual implementation.Critical care science · 2025Article
- Liberalized family presence policies in the intensive care unit: strategies for successful implementation.Critical care science · 2025Article
- The impact of a multicomponent telemedicine-based intervention on quality of life in adults with respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation: protocol for a cluster stepped-wedge randomized clinical trial (Tele-Rehab MV Trial).Critical care science · 2025Article
- Article
- The Effects of Scheduled Visitation Policy on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among the Family Members of Patients with Open Heart Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery researchArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe aim of this study was to assess the effects of flexible intensive care unit (ICU) visitation on the 1-year prevalence of post-traumatic stress, anxiety and depression symptoms among family members of critically ill patients.
methodsThis is a long-term outcome analysis of a cluster-crossover randomized clinical trial that evaluated a flexible visitation model in the ICU (12 h/day) compared to a restrictive visitation model (median 1.5 h/day) in 36 Brazilian ICUs. In this analysis, family members were assessed 12 months after patient discharge from the ICU for the following outcomes: post-traumatic stress symptoms measured by the Impact Event Scale-6 and anxiety and depression symptoms measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.
resultsA total of 519 family members were analyzed (288 in the flexible visitation group and 231 in the restrictive visitation group). Three-hundred sixty-nine (71.1%) were women, and the mean age was 46.6 years. Compared to family members in the restrictive visitation group, family members in the flexible visitation group had a significantly lower prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptoms (21% vs. 30.5%; adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85-0.98; p = 0.01). The prevalence of anxiety (28.9% vs. 33.2%; aPR 0.93; 95% CI 0.72-1.21; p = 0.59) and depression symptoms (19.2% vs. 25%; aPR, 0.78; 95% CI 0.60-1.02; p = 0.07) did not differ significantly between the groups.
conclusionFlexible ICU visitation, compared to the restrictive visitation, was associated with a significant reduction in the 1-year prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptoms in family members.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.