ArticleThe journal of medicine access
Out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure in emerging economies: Evidence from panel data analysis.
Article in The journal of medicine access. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Research on the influencing factors and realization path of Chinese residents' health levels: a social, ecological, and medical perspective.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditure and Associated Factors: Insights From National Health Accounts (NHA) Using Panel Data Analysis.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Achieving universal health coverage is one of the prominent targets of the United Nations' sustainable development goals. Reducing out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) is essential because high OOPE can deter the use of healthcare services, which can lead to poor health outcomes and medical impoverishment. Objectives: The study sought to determine the effects of various factors such as Domestic General Government Health Expenditure, Gross Domestic Product, Government schemes and compulsory contributory healthcare financing schemes, and Voluntary health insurance schemes on OOPE per Capita in emerging economies. Design: Econometric methods using panel data. Data Sources and Methods: The study analyzed the publicly available panel data from the World Health Organization using fixed, random, and dynamic models. Results: Domestic General Government Health Expenditure and Gross Domestic Product are associated with an increase in OOPE. Government schemes, compulsory contributory healthcare financing schemes, and voluntary health insurance programs are linked to a reduction in OOPE. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study, conducted through econometric methods on panel data, sheds light on the critical importance of reducing OOPE to achieve universal health coverage, aligning with the United Nations' sustainable development goals. Countries shall implement a holistic approach focusing on preventive healthcare and health promotion, providing comprehensive health insurance, strengthening public health systems, and regulating medicine prices.
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Registered trials
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