ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2024
Advancing the early detection of canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome with machine learning-enhanced blood-based biomarkers.
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pet Nutrition and the Unmeasured Owner Outcome: A Bidirectional Framework for Relational Value in Human-Animal Relationships.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Advances in biomarker discovery for canine cognitive dysfunction: a comprehensive structured narrative review and future perspectives.Veterinary research communications · 2026Review
- Canine Cognitive Dysfunction from the Perspective of Dog Owners: Recognition, Care, and Emotional Challenges.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Which aspects of the everyday behavior of older dogs correlate with performance on a visuo-spatial memory test and the canine cognitive dysfunction rating scale (CCDR)?Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Cerebral iron deposition in the Globus pallidus and Substantia nigra of aging dogs and cats presenting as bilateral hypointensity on T2w and iron-sensitive MRI sequences (SWI, T2*).Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- The canine blood-brain barrier in health and disease: focus on brain protection.The veterinary quarterly · 2025Review
- Unveiling the significance of dog domestication in cognitive dysfunction: Are wolves protected?Open veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Diagnosis of Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome: A Narrative Review.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Current practices for diagnosis and management of Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome in the United States.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Up to half of the senior dogs suffer from canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CCDS), the diagnosis method relies on subjective questionnaires such as canine cognitive dysfunction rating (CCDR) scores. Therefore, the necessity of objective diagnosis is emerging. Here, we developed blood-based biomarkers for CCDS early detection. Blood samples from dogs with CCDR scores above 25 were analyzed, and the biomarkers retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), C-X-C-motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) were validated against neurodegenerative models. Lower biomarker levels were correlated with higher CCDR scores, indicating cognitive decline. Machine-learning analysis revealed the highest predictive accuracy when analyzing the combination of RBP4 and NOX4 using the support vector machine algorithm and confirmed potential diagnostic biomarkers. These results suggest that blood-based biomarkers can notably improve CCDS early detection and treatment, with implications for neurodegenerative disease management in both animals and humans.
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