ArticleNephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association2025
Non-linear relationships in clinical research.
Article in Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- The cervicovertebral angle as an associated factor of neck pain in female manufacturing workers: a dual-model cutoff analysis using logistic regression and decision trees.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- Beyond composite scores in chronotype assessment: item-level predictive patterns in the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Obstructive sleep apnoea is associated with accelerated progression of diabetic kidney disease.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026Article
- Identification of key influencing factors of health information literacy in COPD patients: a cross-sectional study using a random forest model.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Longitudinal changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and risk of depressive and anxiety disorders in a nationwide cohort of 7 million participants.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- 67 national-level factors potentially related to the incidence of kidney replacement therapy across Europe.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2026Article
- DeepDiff-SHAP: Interpretable deep learning for subgroup-specific causal hypothesis generation using conditional SHAP.Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing. Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing · 2026Article
- Risk factors associated with overall survival in patients with cervical cancer: a prospective cohort study in Western China comparing random survival forest and Cox proportional hazards models.Journal of gynecologic oncology · 2026Article
- Machine Learning and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A New Paradigm in Prediction and Prognosis after Endovascular Aneurysm Repair.Annals of vascular diseases · 2026Review
- Early Oxygenation and Mortality in Infants Treated with Inhaled Nitric Oxide (iNO) for Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn (PPHN).Journal of pediatrics. Clinical practice · 2025Article
- How to study the menstrual cycle as a continuous variable: Implementing phase-aligned cycle time scaling (PACTS) with the menstrualcycleR package.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- Development of a Predictive Model for Metabolic Syndrome Using Noninvasive Data and its Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessments: Multicohort Validation Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- When the whole is greater than the sum of its parts: why machine learning and conventional statistics are complementary for predicting future health outcomes.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Review
- Correlation and causation for cardiothoracic surgeons: part 4-distinguishing relationships in data.Indian journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery · 2025Article
- Digital transformation of care for keratoconus patients: ML modeling structural outcomes of corneal collagen cross-linking.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Machine learning-based analysis of factors influencing surgical duration in type A aortic dissection.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Association between adipose deposition and mortality among adults without major cardiovascular risk factors.Diabetes & metabolism · 2025Article
- Case report: Non-linear evolution of oxytocin informs YBOCS changes post-DBS of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis for treatment resistant OCD.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Accelerating the performance of machine learning classifiers using bacterial colony optimization for heart disease prediction.Digital healthArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
True linear relationships are rare in clinical data. Despite this, linearity is often assumed during analyses, leading to potentially biased estimates and inaccurate conclusions. In this introductory paper, we aim to first describe-in a non-mathematical manner-how to identify non-linear relationships. Various methods are then discussed that can be applied to deal with non-linearity, including transformations, polynomials, splines and generalized additive models, along with their strengths and weaknesses. Finally, we illustrate the use of these methods with a practical example from nephrology, providing guidance on how to report the results from non-linear relationships.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.