ArticleJournal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing2025
Incidence and risk factors for first and recurrent ICD shock therapy in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator.
Article in Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Wearable Cardioverter-Defibrillator in Patients at Transient Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death: State of the Art and Contemporary Clinical Evidence.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Left Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain Is Associated With Appropriate Therapies for Ventricular Arrhythmias Independent of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Patients With Primary Prevention Defibrillators.Journal of arrhythmia · 2026Article
- The impact of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors on ventricular arrhythmia in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: a meta analysis.Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing · 2026Review
- Predictors and Prognostic Significance of Appropriate Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Therapy in Primary Prevention Patients with Ischemic Cardiomyopathy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Sudden cardiac death in newly diagnosed non-ischaemic or ischaemic cardiomyopathy assessed with a wearable cardioverter-defibrillator: the German nationwide SCD-PROTECT study.European heart journal · 2025Observational
- The Timing for Primary Prevention for ICD in the Current Era of Pharmacotherapy.Cardiac failure review · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundAdvances in medical treatment and outcomes in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) recipients incentivize a need for improved candidate selection and identification of risk factors for ICD therapy. We examined contemporary rates of and risk factors for ICD therapy.
methodsPatients with ICD for primary (PP) or secondary prevention (SP), implanted between January 2010 and December 2020, were followed for appropriate and inappropriate incident and recurrent shock.
resultsOverall, 2998 patients (mean age 61.8 ± 12.7 years, 20% female, 73% ICD carriers, and 47.1% SP) were analyzed with a median follow-up of 4.3 (interquartile range (IQR) 2.1-7.4) years. A total of 426/2998 (14.2%) patients had shock; 364/2998 (12.1%) had appropriate and 82/2998 (2.7%) inappropriate shock, with annualized event rates of 2.34 (2.11-2.59) and 0.49 (0.39-0.61) per 100 person-years, respectively. Of those with shock, 133/364 (36.5%) experienced recurrent appropriate shock and 8/364 (2.2%) received recurrent inappropriate shock, with event rates of 10.57 (8.85-12.53) and 0.46 (0.20-0.92), respectively. In multivariable analyses, female sex was associated with a reduced risk of incident appropriate shock (hazard ratio 0.69 [95% confidence interval 0.52; 0.91]). Of other variables, only revascularization status was associated with recurrent appropriate shock in PP, and CRT-D with recurrent appropriate shock in the overall cohort.
conclusionOne in eight ICD recipients received appropriate shock 2-7 years after guideline-directed implantation. More than one-third of patients with a first shock experienced recurrent shock. Few clinical variables showed potential in predicting shocks, illustrating a need for more advanced tools to select candidates for implantation.
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