ArticleHeliyon2024
Effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure on amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: A matched case-control study.
Article in Heliyon, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is an emerging body of evidence concerning the neurological effect of air pollutants on cognitive function and increased risk of neurodegeneration. Although previous studies have suggested that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are neurotoxic, the effect of PAHs exposure on neurodegeneration remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between PAH exposure and the risk of developing amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). For this matched case-control cross-sectional study, we recruited patients aged ≥50 years diagnosed with aMCI and AD from the Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, between 2014 and 2019. For each patient, we randomly selected four cognitively healthy controls through frequency matching based on sex, age group, and education level. Urinary levels of four PAH metabolites, 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), 1-hydroxyphenanthrene (1-OHPhe), 2-hydroxyfluorene (2-OHFlu), and 2-naphthol (2-NAP), were measured. A conditional logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association, adjusting for potential confounders. A total of 212 patients with aMCI with 848 matched controls, and 267 patients with AD with 1068 matched controls were included in the analyses to estimate the risk of PAH exposure. We found that elevated urinary levels of PAH metabolites (specifically, 1-OHP and 2-NAP) were significantly associated with an increased risk of aMCI and AD. An increase of one unit in log-transformed level of urinary 1-OHP was associated with a 1.15- and 1.16-times higher risk of aMCI and AD, respectively. An increase of one unit in log-transformed level of urinary 2-NAP was associated with a 1.11- and 1.13-times higher risk of aMCI and AD, respectively. These findings indicate that PAH exposure may increase the risk of aMCI and AD, especially for the elderly population. Considering the widespread distribution of PAHs in the environment, reducing PAH exposure may be an effective strategy for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
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