ArticleMolecular pharmaceutics2024
Investigating the In Vivo Biodistribution of Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Various Human Cell Sources Using Positron Emission Tomography.
Article in Molecular pharmaceutics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Skeletal muscle‑derived extracellular vesicles in multi‑organ degenerative disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic delivery perspectives (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Stem Cells in Post-Stroke Regenerative Therapy: Current Role of Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Orchestrum.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Cargo-driven extracellular vesicles as pharmaceutical nanocarriers: A pharmaceutics-oriented comparison of animal exosomes and plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Regulate Mitochondrial Function: A Novel Strategy for Parkinson's Disease Therapy.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Beyond Extracellular Vesicle (EV) Hype: Practical Solutions and Remaining Hurdles in EV Research, Manufacturing, and Clinical Translation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Targeted exosome-delivered CD151 siRNA maintains brain endothelial cell immune homeostasis to alleviate blood-brain barrier disruption after ischemic stroke.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles in the heart: mediators of intercellular communication in health and disease in vitro.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Plant-derived nanocarriers & nanostructures for barrier-defined translation: a comprehensive review of mechanisms, targets, and translation.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Visualizing extracellular vesicles in cancer: from biogenesis to theranostic applications.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Peripheral nerve repair: innovations and future directions.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stromal cells primed with synthetic toll-like receptor 4 agonists treat hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome.Stem cells translational medicine · 2026Article
- The dual role of extracellular vesicles in vascular calcification: from molecular mechanisms to clinical translation.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Research Progress and Preclinical Prospects of Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Targeted Delivery of Antitumor Drugs.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Advances in Tracing Techniques: Mapping the Trajectory of Mesenchymal Stem-Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.Chemical & biomedical imaging · 2025Review
- Effects of Hydrogels on Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Paracrine Activity and Extracellular Vesicles Production.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Review
- Current Treatment Regimens and Promising Molecular Therapies for Chronic Hepatobiliary Diseases.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicles: A Review of Their Therapeutic Potentials, Sources, Biodistribution, and Administration Routes.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Can spheroid formation enhance mesenchymal stem cell homing in veterinary medicine? Insights and evidence gaps.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Mesenchymal Stem Extracellular Vesicles in Various Respiratory Diseases: A New Opportunity.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Review
- Engineered mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: kill tumors and protect organs.Theranostics · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful tool for investigating the in vivo behavior of drug delivery systems. We aimed to assess the biodistribution of extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanosized vesicles secreted by cells isolated from various human cell sources using PET. EVs were isolated from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) (MSC EVs), human macrophages (Mϕ EVs), and a melanoma cell line (A375 EVs) by centrifugation and were conjugated with deferoxamine for radiolabeling with Zr-89. PET using conjugated and radiolabeled EVs evaluated their in vivo biodistribution and tissue tropisms. Our study also investigated differences in mouse models, utilizing immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice and an A375 xenograft tumor model. Lastly, we investigated the impact of different labeling techniques on the observed EV biodistribution, including covalent surface modification and membrane incorporation. PET showed that all tested EVs exhibited extended in vivo circulation and generally low uptake in the liver, spleen, and lungs. However, Mϕ EVs showed high liver uptake, potentially attributable to the intrinsic tissue tropism of these EVs from the surface protein composition. MSC EV biodistribution differed between immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice, with increased spleen uptake observed in the latter. PET using A375 xenografts demonstrated efficient tumor uptake of EVs, but no preferential tissue-specific tropism of A375 EVs was found. Biodistribution differences between labeling techniques showed that surface-conjugated EVs had preferential blood circulation and low liver, spleen, and lung uptake compared to membrane integration. This study demonstrates the potential of EVs as effective drug carriers for various diseases, highlights the importance of selecting appropriate cell sources for EV-based drug delivery, and suggests that EV tropism can be harnessed to optimize therapeutic efficacy. Our findings indicate that the cellular source of EVs, labeling technique, and animal model can influence the observed biodistribution.
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